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. 2018 Jun 11;15(6):1226. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15061226

Table 3.

Associations between (1) body mass index and (2) waist circumference-body mass index combined, and neighborhood, sociodemographic, and health variables.

BMI
Overweight/Obese n = 344 vs. Healthy Weight n = 507		 WC-BMI
Increased Risk n = 369 vs. Least Risk n = 482
Characteristics Category Model 1 1
OR (95 CI)		 Model 2 2
OR (95 CI)		 Model 1 1
OR (95 CI)		 Model 2 2
OR (95 CI)
Walk Score® 0.98 (0.97–0.99) * 0.99 (0.98–1.00) 0.99 (0.97–1.00) 0.99 (0.97–1.01)
Neighborhood SES Disadvantaged 1.58 (1.17–2.08) * 1.74 (1.24–2.43) * 2.16 (1.32–3.55) * 2.49 (1.42–4.40) *
Advantaged Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Age in years 1.18 (1.10–1.27) * 1.16 (1.04–1.31) *
Age squared 0.99 (0.99–0.99) * 0.99 (0.99–0.99) *
Sex Men 2.03 (1.47–2.81) * 2.05 (1.20–3.52) *
Women Ref. Ref.
Ethnicity Non-white 0.91 (0.55–1.49) 0.51 (0.22–1.22)
White Ref. Ref.
Highest education achieved High school or less 0.97 (0.52–1.82) 0.57 (0.21–1.56)
College 1.28 (0.85–1.93) 0.72 (0.36–1.46)
University Ref. Ref.
Gross annual household income Don’t know/refused 1.25 (0.77–2.02) 1.97 (0.91–4.26)
<$60,000 1.03 (0.55–1.90) 1.34 (0.51–3.54)
60–119,000 1.18 (0.79–1.76) 1.04 (0.53–2.04)
≥120,000 Ref. Ref.
Marital status Married/common-law 0.99 (0.67–1.47) 1.03 (0.54–1.96)
Other arrangement Ref. Ref.
Number of children <18 years No children 1.46 (0.98–2.17) 2.00 (0.99–4.14)
At least one child Ref. Ref.
 Dog ownership in past year Non-owner 1.04 (0.74–1.47) 0.68 (0.39–1.20)
Owner Ref. Ref.
 Motor vehicle access Never/don’t drive 0.84 (0.52–1.36) 1.35 (0.62–2.92)
Always/sometimes Ref. Ref.
 Smoking in past year Daily/occasionally 0.91 (0.45–1.84) 0.12 (0.01–1.03)
Not at all Ref. Ref.
 Sleep hours/day 0.96 (0.82–1.12) 1.01 (0.79–1.30)
 Self-reported mental health 1.31 (1.05–1.62) * 1.33 (0.95–1.87)
 Self-reported physical health 0.48 (0.39–0.60) * 0.42 (0.30–0.58) *
 Weight modification in past year Not attempted 0.35 (0.26–0.48) * 0.37 (0.22–0.63) *
Attempt Ref. Ref.
Pseudo R2 0.03 0.28 0.05 0.34

n = 851. * p < 0.05. 1 Model 1: Adjusted for Walk Score® and neighborhood SES. 2 Model 2: Adjusted for model 1 plus all sociodemographic and health covariates. Ref.: reference group.