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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2018 Jan 31;19(7):699–716. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.01.006

Table 1.

EMA studies of chronic pain

First Author Year Project Use of
EMA		 Design Chronic
Pain n 		Diagnosis Data
input		 Duration Intensity %
Completion		 Pain Item
Alschuler10 2011 1 Btwn O 20 B/NSP Watch 5.0 4 NR NRS; 11-pt; M
Alschuler11 2011
Bruehl19 2012 2 Wthn O 48 B/NSP Palm 7.0 4 99.0 VAS; 101-pt; M
Burns20 2015 3 Wthn O 105 B/NSP Palm 14.0 5 83.6 NRS; 9-pt; C
Burns21 2013
Dhingra31 2014 4 Wthn O 36 CP Palm 7.0 6 NR NRS; 11-pt; M
Fischer35 2016 5 Wthn O 32 R S-Phone 14.0 6 85.0 VAS; 101-pt; M
Focht36 2002 6 Wthn O 32 R Paper 6.0 5.5 91.3 NRS; 11-pt; M
Focht37 2004
Garcia-Palacios40 2014 7 Met E 47 R S-Phone 14.0 3 69.8 NRS; 11-pt; M
Geisser41 1995 8 Wthn O 21 B/NSP Paper 3.0 NR NR VAS; 11-pt; M
Graham-Engeland52 2016 9 Wthn O 31 R Palm 7.0 5 NR NRS; 7-pt; M
Russell100 2016
Smyth116 2014
Hallman53 2014 10 Btwn O 29 B/NSP S-Phone 3.0 8 NR NRS; 11-pt; M
Hamilton55 2008 11 Btwn, Wthn O 89 R Palm 30.0 3 98.9 NRS; 7-pt; C
Tennen136 2006
Affleck4 2000
Affleck7 1996
Affleck5 1998
Affleck6 2001
Zautra147 (Study 2) 2001
Hamilton54 2007 12 Wthn O 49 R Paper 2.0 7 NR NRS; 7-pt; NR
Honkoop59 1999 13 Wthn O 56 H/M Palm 70.0 6 80.0 NR
Kinne68 1999 14 Btwn O 30 Other Palm 1.0 5 84.0 VAS; 20-pt; M
Linnemann75 2015 15 Wthn O 30 R S-Phone 14.0 5 89.7 VAS; 101-pt; M
Liszka-Hackzell76 2004 16 Wthn O 18 B/NSP Palm 21.0 9 NR NRS; 11-pt; M
Liszka-Hackzell77 2005
Lousberg83 1997 17 Wthn, Met O 57 CP Paper 6.0 10 88.3 NRS; 7-pt; NR
Vendrig139 1997
Mujagic86 2015 18 Met O 26 IB S-Phone 7.0 10 76.8 NRS; 7-pt; NR
Glaros43 2005 19 Btwn, Wthn O 171 TMD Paper 7.0 NR NR NRS; 11-pt; M
Glaros47 2005
Glaros48 2008
Glaros49 2005
Glaros44 2016
Glaros45 2007 20 Intv E (CT) 14 TMD Paper 14.0 NR NR NRS; 11-pt; NR
Glaros42 2014 21 Intv, Btwn E (CT) 23 H/M Paper 7.0 NR NR NRS; 11-pt; NR
Glaros46 2007
Odawara92 2015 22 Intv E (CT) 27 H/M Palm 56.0 5 82.4 VAS; 101-pt; M
Okifuji93 2011 23 Wthn O 81 R Palm 30.0 4 80.2 NRS; 7-pt; M
Robinson97 2012 24 Btwn O 30 CP Palm 7.0 7 49.6 NRS; 11-pt; M
Weinland141 2011 25 Btwn O 58 IB Palm 14.0 7 74.0 OTH; 11-pt; M
Murphy87 2012 26 Wthn O 44 R Watch 14.0 5 NR NRS; 11-pt; M
Viane140 (Study 2) 2004 27 Btwn, Wthn O 62 CP Palm 14.0 8 88.0 NRS; 7-pt; M
Crombez28 2013
Roelofs99 2006 28 Btwn, Wthn, Intv Q-E 79 B/NSP Palm 14.0 8 72.7 NRS; 7-pt; M
Roelofs98 2004
Huijnen62 2009
Huijnen61 2011
Smith112 2016 29 Wthn O 120 R Call 7.0 4 80.8 NRS; 5-pt; NR
Sorbi118 2007 30 Intv O 5 H/M Palm 8.5 8 82.7 VAS; NR; M
Peters94 2000 31 Wthn, Met O 80 CP Palm 28.0 4 82.9 NRS; 7-pt; M
Sorbi119 2006
Sorbi120 2006
Kop69 2005 32 Wthn O 38 R Watch 5.0 5 NR NRS; 10-pt; NR
Lewis73 1995 33 Met, Intv O 36 R Palm 70.0 4 NR NRS; 7-pt; C
Lewis72 1994
Litt82 2009 34 Intv E (CT) 54 TMD Call 21.0 4 71.5 NRS; 7-pt; M
Litt81 2004 35 Wthn O 30 TMD Palm 7.0 4 81.0 NRS; 11-pt; M
Murphy88 2010 36 Btwn, Wthn O 40 R Watch 5.0 6 NR NRS; 5-pt; NR
Murphy89 2008
Alsaadi9 2014 37 Wthn O 80 B/NSP Paper 7.0 1 NR NRS; 11-pt; M
Christian24 2015 38 Wthn O 90 CP S-Phone 15.0 1 79.3 NRS; 6-pt; M
Houtveen60 2013 39 Wthn O 87 H/M S-Phone 42.0 4 89.5 NRS; 3-pt; M
Kikuchi66 2006 40 Wthn, Met O 40 H/M Watch 7.0 6 97.0 VAS; 101-pt; M
Kikuchi67 2007
Kikuchi65 2015
Aaron1 2004 41 Wthn, Met, Intv E (CT) 158 TMD Palm 56.0 3 98.0 VAS; 11-pt; C
Aaron2 2005
Aaron3 2005
Turner137 2004
Wig143 2004
Turner138 2005
Allen8 2009 42 Wthn O 157 R Palm 2.0 7 NR VAS; 101-pt; NR
Clauw25 2008 43 Intv E (CT) 1196 R Palm 28.0 5 NR VAS; 101-pt; M
Harris56 2005 44 Intv E (CT) 125 R Palm 28.0 3.4 NR OTH; 124-pt; M
Smith114 1993 45 Met E 30 CP Palm 7.0 6.1 N/A VAS; 11-pt; NR
Stone129 2003 46 Wthn, Met E 68 R Palm 14.0 12 94.5 VAS; 101-pt; M
Stone130 2004
Litcher-Kelly80 2004
Rasell 96 2007
Stone131 2005
Stone127 1997 47 Wthn, Met O 35 R Paper 7.0 7 94.2 NRS; 7-pt; M
Cruise29 1996
Broderick18 2008 48 Wthn, Met O 106 R Palm 30.0 7 96.0 VAS; 101-pt; M
Broderick17 2008
Broderick15 2009
Schneider103 2011
Stone128 (Study 1) 2012
Stone126 2010 49 Met O 128 R Palm 14.0 9 85.0 VAS; 101-pt; M
Stone134 2003 50 Met E 80 CP Palm 21.0 3 52.3 NR
Stone133 2002
Litcher-Kelly78 2007 51 Met O 16 IB Palm 21.0 12 79.0 NR
Broderick16 2003 52 Met Q-E 27 CP Paper 24.0 3 29.1 NR
Williams145 2004 53 Met O 14 R Palm 84.0 6 85.0 NR
Wolf146 2015 54 Wthn O 220 R S-Phone 21.0 1 83.0 NRS; 101-pt; C
Zia148 2016 55 Met O 11 IB S-Phone 14.0 NR 78.0 VAS; 101-pt; NR
Sterling125 2010 56 Wthn O 32 Other Palm 2.0 4 85.0 VRS; 12-pt; M
Lacy71 2013 57 Intv E (CT) 175 Other Palm 2.0 10 NR NRS; 11-pt; M
Evans34 2007 58 Intv E (CT) 229 Other Palm NR 6 90.9 OTH; 13-pt; M
Jamison63 2006 59 Met O 21 B/NSP Palm 371.0 1 NR VAS; 11-pt; M
Eich33 1985 60 Met O 57 H/M Paper NR 24 NR NRS; 11-pt; M
McLean84 2005 61 Wthn O 28 R Call 2.0 5 98.1 NRS; 101-pt; C
Sheftell109 2005 62 Intv E (CT) 2696 H/M Palm NR 4 NR VRS; 4-pt; NR

Note: NR = Not Reported.

a

Btwn = Between-person study of pain, Wthn = Within-person study of pain, Met = Methodological study of pain measurement, Intv = Intervention to reduce pain.

b

O = Observational, E = Experimental, CT = Clinical Trial, Q-E = Quasi-Experimental.

c

B/NSP = Back/Neck-Shoulder Pain, CP = Chronic Pain (unspecified), R = Rheumatological disorder(s), H/M = Headache/Migraine, TMD = Temporomandibular Disorder, IB = Irritable Bowel Disease/Syndrome.

d

Palm = Palmtop Computer, S-Phone = Smartphone, Call = Telephone Call.

e

NRS = Numeric Rating Scale, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, VRS = Verbal Rating Scale, OTH = Other, M = Momentary, C = Coverage.