Table 2.

Use of EMA methodology in chronic pain research

	Totala		Subcategoriesb
Purpose	n	%	n	%
Within-person studies of pain	50	47.6%
And emotion			16	15.2%
And coping			8	7.6%
And fatigue/bodily symptoms			7	6.7%
And stress/cortisol			10	9.5%
And physical activity			9	8.6%
And sleep			5	4.8%
And health behavior			3	2.9%
And pain related functioning			6	5.7%
Temporal characteristics of pain			7	6.7%
Between-person studies of pain	15	14.3%
Comparisons with healthy control groups			6	5.7%
Relationships with psychosocial and physical functioning			9	8.6%
Methodological studies of pain measurement	27	25.7%
Acceptability of EMA / completion rates			8	7.6%
Reactivity to EMA			5	4.8%
Reliability of EMA			2	1.9%
EMA used to examine recall bias			16	15.2%
Interventions to reduce pain	13	12.4%
EMA as outcome measure			11	10.5%
Ecological momentary intervention			2	1.9%

Note:

^aAssignments of articles to major categories are mutually exclusive and sum to the total number of articles.

^bAssignments to subcategories are not mutually exclusive.