. 2016 Mar 18;150(3):722–731. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.03.003

Table 2.

Mobilization of Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation Among Selected Observational Studies and Control Groups of Clinical Trials

Observational Studies of Usual Practice
Study/Country/Year	Study Type and No. of Sites	Patients	Mobility Status Achieved and Rehabilitation Delivered
Berney et al²¹/Australia/New Zealand/2013	1-d point prevalence study in 38 ICUs in 38 hospitals	N = 200 in ICU for > 2 d	• 0% of patients stood, sat out of bed, or walked
Nydahl et al,²²/Germany/2014	1-d point prevalence study in 116 ICUs in 115 hospitals	N = 401 with ETT	• 2% of patients sat in chair or marched in place, with no walking
Jolley et al²³/United States/2015	2-d point prevalence study in 33 ICUs in 17 hospitals	N = 566 (77% with ETT)	• 10% of patients stood, marched in place, or walked
Hodgson et al³⁰/Australia/New Zealand/2015	Prospective cohort (with up to 14 d of evaluation) in 12 ICUs in 12 hospitals	N = 192 with expected MV > 2 d	• 36% of patients received any PT involving active participation, with 18% starting at ≤ 5 d • 3% of PT included standing, sitting out of bed, marching, or walking • Mean 1.1 PT session per patient while receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Control Groups From Clinical Trials With Positive Results
Morris et al⁴⁰/United States/2008	Quasi-RCT: usual care in 7 ICUs in 1 hospital	N = 135 in MICU, enrolled within 2 d of MV	• 6% of patients received PT in ICU
Schweickert et al⁴¹/United States/2009	RCT: usual care in 2 MICUs in 2 hospitals	N = 55 with ETT, enrolled within 3 d of MV	• Median (IQR) duration of PT and OT during MV of 0 (0-0) min/d • PT initiated at median (IQR) of 7 (6-11) d after intubation

Control Groups From Clinical Trials With Negative Results
Denehy et al⁴⁴/Australia/2013	RCT: usual care in single ICU	N = 76 in ICU for > 5 d (∼92% MV)	• PT available 12 h/d, 7 d/wk • 52% mobilized out of bed while in ICU^a
Moss et al⁴⁵/United States/2015	RCT: protocolized PT in 5 hospitals	N = 61 enrolled after MV for ≥ 4-5 d	• PT per protocol: 20 min, 3 × wk in ICU • Actual PT: mean ± SD 3.8 ± 2.4 PT sessions of 21 ± 3.2 min per patient in ICU • 74% of patients received sitting and/or standing exercises in ICU and ward • 80% of patients received functional mobility training in ICU and ward

ETT = endotracheal tube; IQR = interquartile range. See Table 1 legend for expansion of other abbreviations.

As reported in the trial, these data are based on a point prevalence evaluation that included 68 patients receiving MV at the study site who were not enrolled in the trial and received usual care.