Fig. 2.

Antiphotoaging effect of Pg-C-EE against UVB irradiation in HaCaT cells. (A) Viability of HaCaT cells was measured by MTT assay in Pg-C-EE–treated group. (B) HaCaT cells were treated with Pg-C-EE (100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, and 400 μg/mL) and UVB irradiation (30 mJ/cm²) for 24 h. Cytoprotective effects of Pg-C-EE against UVB were observed. (C) mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in HaCaT cells treated with Pg-C-EE (100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, and 400 μg/mL) and UVB (30 mJ/cm²) was determined by RT-PCR. (D) mRNA expression of COX-2 and Sirt1 in HaCaT cells treated with Pg-C-EE (100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, and 400 μg/mL) and UVB (30 mJ/cm²) was determined by RT-PCR. (E) mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in HaCaT cells treated with Pg-C-EE (100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, and 400 μg/mL) and UVB (30 mJ/cm²) was determined by RT-PCR. (F) The levels of phospho and total forms of MAPK (p38, ERK, and JNK) in whole cell lysates were determined by immunoblot analysis after treatment of HaCaT cells with Pg-C-EE (100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, and 400 μg/mL) and UVB (30 mJ/cm²) for 48 h. (G) The effects of MAPK inhibitors SB203580 (20 μM), SP600125 (20 μM), and U0126 (20 μM) on expression of MMP-9 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells were identified by RT-PCR.

COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; IL-6, interleukin-6; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; mRNA, messenger RNA; MTT, 3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; Pg-C-EE, Panax ginseng calyx ethanol extract; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; Sirt1, NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1; UVB, ultraviolet B.