Table 1.
Definition of risk/protective factors in the LIBRA index and corresponding scores [11]
| Definition | Score | |
|---|---|---|
| Modifiable risk factors | ||
| Depression | Score ≥ 5 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale | + 2.1 |
| Hypertension | SBP ≥ 140 mmHg, DBP ≥ 90 mmHg and/or use of antihypertensive medication | + 1.6 |
| Obesity | BMI ≥ 30 | + 1.6 |
| Smoking | Current smoker | + 1.5 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | Total cholesterol ≥ 6.2 mmol/L or use of cholesterol-lowering medication | + 1.4 |
| Diabetes | Diabetes mellitusa | + 1.3 |
| Renal dysfunction | Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 b | + 1.1 |
| Physical inactivity | Not fulfilling World Health Organisation criteria for physical activity as measured with LASA Physical Activity Questionnairec | + 1.1 |
| Coronary heart disease | Cardiovascular disease (defined as myocardial infarction, angina or peripheral arterial disease)a | + 1.0 |
| Low/moderate alcohol use | Alcohol use 1–14 units per week for males and 1–7 for females [21] | −1.0 |
| Non-modifiable risk factors | ||
| Age | Males: 70–74 years | + 5.2 |
| Male: 75–78 years | + 6.8 | |
| Females: 70–74 years | + 6.2 | |
| Female: 75–78 years | + 9.2 | |
| Education | High: ≥ 13 years | 0 |
| Medium: 7–13 years | + 1.4 | |
| Low: ≤ 7 years | + 2.7 | |
LIBRA LIfestyle for BRAin Health, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index
aData self-reported and cross-checked with electronic health records
bEstimated glomerular filtration rate calculated with the creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease–Epidemiology Collaboration equation [27]
cWorld Health Organisation criteria for physical activity defined as ≥ 150 min/week moderate intensity or ≥ 75 min/week vigorous intensity or an equivalent combination