. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 2.

Published in final edited form as: Res Gerontol Nurs. 2018 Mar 2;11(2):71–81. doi: 10.3928/19404921-20180223-02

TABLE 4.

Friedman Test Comparison Regarding Hemoglobin A1C Levels in Usual Care, Inpatient DSME Only, and Inpatient DSME Plus Homecare Groups at Baseline, 90 Days, and 12 Months Post Index Hospital Discharge

Group	HbA1C			χ²	Df	p Value
Group	Time	Mean (SD)	Mean Rank	χ²	Df	p Value
Usual care (n = 27)				2.889	2	0.236
	Baseline	8.7 (2.997)	2.07
	90 days	7.6 (1.459)	1.74
	12 months	7.7 (1.266)	2.19
Inpatient DSME only (n = 24)				10.979	2	0.004^a
	Baseline	7.8 (.703)	1.79
	90 days	7.4 (1.591)	1.67
	12 months	7.8 (1.734)	2.54
Inpatient DSME plus homecare (n = 81)				44.593	2	<0.001^a
	Baseline	9.8 (3.253)	2.53
	90 days	7.5 (1.510)	1.49
	12 months	7.7 (1.718)	1.98

Note. DSME = diabetes self-management education.

Statistically significant (p < 0.05).