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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Intensive Care Med. 2018 Jun 3;35(7):708–719. doi: 10.1177/0885066618779941

Table 4.

Mediating effects1 of indicators of frailty on the association between cancer and sepsis. Among 11,430 Black participants with 442 first sepsis events.

Natural Indirect Effect2 (Mediation Effect) Natural Direct Effect3 Percent Mediated4 (%) (Log Hazard Scale)
Mediators HR 95% CI5 HR 95% CI5
  Weakness 1.002 0.999 – 1.013 2.677 2.118 – 3.476 0.25%
  Exhaustion 1.004 0.999 – 1.009 2.668 2.111 – 3.463 0.35%
  Low Physical Activity 1.002 0.999 – 1.006 2.669 2.114 – 3.449 0.25%
  Frailty 1.002 0.999 – 1.006 2.669 2.114 – 3.449 0.25%
  # Frailty Indicators 1.002 0.999 – 1.006 2.669 2.114 – 3.449 0.25%
Total Effect (Risk of Sepsis)
No. Sepsis Events (%)6 Mean Survival Time (95% CI)7 Hazard Ratio (95% CI)8
Cancer Survivors 93 (11.11) 8.13 (8.01 – 8.26) 2.84 (2.25 – 3.60)
No Cancer History 349 (3.29) 9.21 (9.19 – 9.24) Ref
1

Models adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity score.

2

Natural Indirect Effect (i.e., the effect of the cancer on sepsis incidence through the mediator)

3

Natural Direct Effect (i.e., the effect of the cancer on sepsis incidence NOT through mediator)

4

Percent Mediated = Percent of the total association between the cancer and sepsis incidence that was mediated on the log hazard scale.

5

95% Confidence intervals (CIs) estimated using 500 bootstrapped resamples.

6

% represents the proportion within cancer group with sepsis event.

7

Mean survival time in years.

8

Estimated from Cox proportional hazards model.