PF403-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in GBM cells. (A) Exposure to various concentrations of PF403 for 48 hours; U251/TMZ cells were stained with PI for flow cytometry analysis. (B) Protein levels of cyclin D1 and CDK6 were detected via immunoblotting, following the exposure of U251/TMZ cells to PF403 for 48 hours. (C) Exposure to various concentrations of PF403 for 48 hours; T98G cells were stained with PI for flow cytometry analysis. (D) Protein levels of cyclin D1 and CDK6 were detected via immunoblotting, following exposure of T98G cells to PF403 for 48 hours. (E) Exposure to various concentrations of PF403 for 48 hours; T98G cells were stained with annexin V-FITC and PI for flow cytometry analysis. (F) Protein levels of full length PARP, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected via immunoblotting in T98G cells, following exposure to PF403 for 48 hours.
Abbreviations: CDK6, cell division protein kinase 6; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; PARP, poly ADP ribose polymerase; PF403, 13a(S)-3-hydroxyl-6,7-dimethoxyphenanthro[9,10-b]-indolizidine; PI, propidium iodide; TMZ, temozolomide.