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. 2018 Jun 25;9:1487. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01487

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Copyright © 2018 Johnzon, Dahlberg, Gustafson, Waern, Moazzami, Östensson and Pejler.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Clinical score and body temperature before and after infusion with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or physiological saline solution. Immediately before and 1, 2, 4, 24, 72, 120, and 168 h post LPS infusion, the cows were scored on a scale of 0–3 for (A) heat (n = 7–9), (B) pain (n = 9), (C) redness (n = 9), and (D) swelling (n = 7–9). Temperature (E) was monitored rectally over the same period (n = 4–9). Results are given as mean (±SD). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; p**** < 0.0001 [statistical analysis (A–D): Mann–Whitney; (E): multiple t-test].