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. 2018 Jun 28;18(3):e24. doi: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e24

Figure 2. Dual effect of activated KCs in IRI.

Figure 2

The response of activated KCs to reperfusion is bifunctional with the secretion of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, IFN-γ, and IL-12 secreted by KCs show a pro-inflammatory effect, in contrast, IL-10 and HO-1/Nfr2 pathway contribute to the anti-inflammatory regulation.

JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α; Mfn-2, mitofusion 2; VCAM-1, vascular adhesion molecule 1; MIP-2, macrophage inflammatory protein 2.