Table 2.
Lag phase (λABS) and maximum optical density (ABSmax) shown by bacterial cultures amended with different aqueous extracts of citron, lemon, and orange peels.
| Bacterial Strain | Citron | Lemon | Orange | LSD | Citron | Lemon | Orange | LSD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extracts | λABS (h) | ABS max | |||||||
| E. coli K12 | N.T. | 7.4 | 7.3 | 6.9 | n.s. | 0.711 | 0.699 | 0.664 | 0.109 |
| HWE | 9.1 | 8.6 | 7.7 | 0.642 | 0.785 | 1.249 | |||
| MAE1 | 10.1 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 0.368 | 0.733 | 1.186 | |||
| MAE2 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 0.532 | 0.800 | 1.000 | |||
| MAE3 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 13.8 | 0.679 | 0.787 | 1.180 | |||
| P. fluorescens 84094 | N.T. | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.5 | 1.9 | 0.687 | 0.676 | 0.642 | 0.180 |
| HWE | 13.4 | 7.9 | 13.8 | 0.805 | 0.999 | 0.611 | |||
| MAE1 | 12.0 | 7.6 | 12.1 | 1.141 | 1.036 | 0.929 | |||
| MAE2 | 13.8 | 6.8 | 12.4 | 0.747 | 1.042 | 0.844 | |||
| MAE3 | 14.2 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 0.654 | 0.966 | 0.909 | |||
| P. fluorescens ITEM 17298 | N.T. | 13.5 | 13.2 | 12.6 | 1.5 | 0.541 | 0.532 | 0.506 | 0.057 |
| HWE | 13.8 | 13.0 | 10.8 | 0.678 | 0.475 | 0.549 | |||
| MAE1 | 15.5 | 14.3 | 10.8 | 0.900 | 0.298 | 0.695 | |||
| MAE2 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 10.7 | 0.735 | 0.269 | 0.559 | |||
| MAE3 | 14.9 | 14.7 | 10.7 | 0.800 | 0.291 | 0.523 | |||
| P. fluorescens ITEM 17299 | N.T. | 13.1 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 1.6 | 0.549 | 0.540 | 0.513 | 0.189 |
| HWE | 14.8 | 14.0 | 9.7 | 1.091 | 1.174 | 0.772 | |||
| MAE1 | 14.3 | 14.7 | 9.8 | 1.010 | 0.897 | 0.557 | |||
| MAE2 | 14.3 | 13.7 | 11.1 | 0.956 | 0.982 | 0.619 | |||
| MAE3 | 15.2 | 14.2 | 11.5 | 0.934 | 0.823 | 0.524 | |||
| P. fluorescens NCPPB 1964 | N.T. | 13.5 | 13.2 | 12.6 | 2.0 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.034 |
| HWE | 20.0 | 14.0 | 10.3 | 0.304 | 0.516 | 0.350 | |||
| MAE1 | 20.0 | 15.2 | 21.6 | 0.293 | 0.430 | 0.176 | |||
| MAE2 | 19.4 | 14.9 | 25.5 | 0.304 | 0.427 | 0.161 | |||
| MAE3 | 16.9 | 15.0 | 31.5 | 0.475 | 0.420 | 0.155 | |||
| P. putida ITEM 17297 | N.T. | 14.9 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 3.2 | 0.399 | 0.392 | 0.372 | 0.576 |
| HWE | 16.3 | 9.8 | 11.9 | 0.846 | 0.994 | 1.528 | |||
| MAE1 | 16.5 | 9.2 | 13.9 | 1.592 | 0.780 | 1.414 | |||
| MAE2 | 16.4 | 7.8 | 13.6 | 1.569 | 0.877 | 1.426 | |||
| MAE3 | 16.5 | 5.2 | 13.2 | 1.586 | 0.930 | 1.402 | |||
| S. caprae DSM 20608 | N.T. | 14.0 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 1.6 | 0.713 | 0.700 | 0.666 | 0.210 |
| HWE | 13.6 | 7.3 | 2.4 | 1.198 | 1.293 | 0.824 | |||
| MAE1 | 13.3 | 4.9 | 8.1 | 1.108 | 1.153 | 0.693 | |||
| MAE2 | 13.1 | 5.1 | 9.3 | 1.163 | 1.229 | 0.349 | |||
| MAE3 | 13.1 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 1.255 | 1.206 | 0.648 | |||
| S. epidermidis UR63 | N.T. | 9.3 | - | - | 1.0 | 0.902 | - | - | 0.125 |
| HWE | 8.3 | - | - | 1.224 | - | - | |||
| MAE1 | 7.0 | - | - | 1.248 | - | - | |||
| MAE2 | 6.6 | - | - | 1.253 | - | - | |||
| MAE3 | 7.8 | - | - | 1.217 | - | - | |||
| S. saprophyticus UR18 | N.T. | - | 7.0 | 6.9 | 1.3 | - | 0.354 | 0.348 | 0.038 |
| HWE | - | 11.1 | 9.5 | - | 0.362 | 0.342 | |||
| MAE1 | - | 9.3 | 10.8 | - | 0.406 | 0.400 | |||
| MAE2 | - | 10.9 | 10.5 | - | 0.426 | 0.318 | |||
| MAE3 | - | 9.8 | 14.2 | - | 0.420 | 0.414 | |||
| S. xylosus DSM20266T | N.T. | 11.3 | 11.1 | - | 1.2 | 0.901 | 0.885 | - | 0.088 |
| HWE | 13.4 | 3.9 | - | 1.079 | 1.063 | - | |||
| MAE1 | 12.2 | 8.8 | - | 1.108 | 1.041 | - | |||
| MAE2 | 12.2 | 9.0 | - | 1.199 | 0.430 | - | |||
| MAE3 | 12.2 | 8.0 | - | 1.231 | 0.807 | - | |||
N.T.: Not treated; HWE: Extract obtained at 50 °C × 24 h; MAE1: Extract obtained at 80 °C × 20 min; MAE2: Extract obtained at 100 °C × 8 min; MAE3: Extract obtained at 100 °C × 20 min. Mean values from the same strain were compared by Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) multiple-comparison test (95% Confidence Intervals).