Table 3.
Growth rates (µABS) and duplication time (DT) shown by bacterial cultures amended with different aqueous extracts of citron, lemon, and orange peels.
| Header | Citron | Lemon | Orange | LSD | Citron | Lemon | Orange | LSD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extracts | µABS (h−1) | DT (h) | |||||||
| E. coli K12 | N.T. | 0.231 | 0.227 | 0.216 | 0.081 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 1.9 |
| HWE | 0.420 | 0.123 | 0.206 | 1.6 | 5.8 | 3.5 | |||
| MAE1 | 0.294 | 0.160 | 0.220 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 3.3 | |||
| MAE2 | 0.402 | 0.220 | 0.212 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 | |||
| MAE3 | 0.426 | 0.173 | 0.394 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 1.8 | |||
| P. fluorescens 84094 | N.T. | 0.234 | 0.230 | 0.219 | 0.023 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 0.5 |
| HWE | 0.230 | 0.166 | 0.250 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 2.9 | |||
| MAE1 | 0.225 | 0.168 | 0.254 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 2.8 | |||
| MAE2 | 0.214 | 0.163 | 0.256 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 2.8 | |||
| MAE3 | 0.202 | 0.165 | 0.261 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 2.7 | |||
| P. fluorescens ITEM 17298 | N.T. | 0.215 | 0.211 | 0.201 | 0.023 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 0.5 |
| HWE | 0.184 | 0.192 | 0.167 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.3 | |||
| MAE1 | 0.309 | 0.141 | 0.204 | 2.3 | 4.9 | 3.5 | |||
| MAE2 | 0.277 | 0.135 | 0.174 | 2.6 | 5.0 | 4.1 | |||
| MAE3 | 0.258 | 0.139 | 0.169 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 4.2 | |||
| P. fluorescens ITEM 17299 | N.T. | 0.213 | 0.209 | 0.199 | 0.056 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 0.7 |
| HWE | 0.313 | 0.331 | 0.194 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 3.7 | |||
| MAE1 | 0.289 | 0.314 | 0.155 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 4.6 | |||
| MAE2 | 0.302 | 0.315 | 0.194 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 3.7 | |||
| MAE3 | 0.293 | 0.286 | 0.182 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.9 | |||
| P. fluorescens NCPPB 1964 | N.T. | 0.162 | 0.159 | 0.152 | 0.015 | 6.5 | 3.9 | 6.3 | 1.1 |
| HWE | 0.113 | 0.176 | 0.110 | 5.6 | 4.0 | 12.3 | |||
| MAE1 | 0.128 | 0.164 | 0.056 | 7.0 | 4.2 | 14.1 | |||
| MAE2 | 0.106 | 0.161 | 0.049 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 16.4 | |||
| MAE3 | 0.215 | 0.159 | 0.042 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.6 | |||
| P. putida ITEM 17297 | N.T. | 0.212 | 0.208 | 0.198 | 0.071 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 1.3 |
| HWE | 0.351 | 0.219 | 0.344 | 1.4 | 4.0 | 1.6 | |||
| MAE1 | 0.514 | 0.172 | 0.438 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 1.7 | |||
| MAE2 | 0.513 | 0.163 | 0.422 | 1.4 | 5.2 | 1.8 | |||
| MAE3 | 0.528 | 0.141 | 0.392 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | |||
| S. caprae DSM 20608 | N.T. | 0.378 | 0.372 | 0.353 | 0.060 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.3 |
| HWE | 0.334 | 0.375 | 0.349 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 1.7 | |||
| MAE1 | 0.305 | 0.277 | 0.399 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.9 | |||
| MAE2 | 0.306 | 0.292 | 0.359 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.9 | |||
| MAE3 | 0.315 | 0.315 | 0.402 | 1.3 | - | ||||
| S. epidermidis UR63 | N.T. | 0.549 | - | - | 0.057 | 1.5 | - | - | 0.4 |
| HWE | 0.494 | - | - | 1.7 | - | - | |||
| MAE1 | 0.414 | - | - | 1.7 | - | - | |||
| MAE2 | 0.419 | - | - | 2.0 | - | - | |||
| MAE3 | 0.352 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| S. saprophyticus UR18 | N.T. | - | 0.155 | 0.153 | 0.025 | - | 4.8 | 4.7 | 0.5 |
| HWE | - | 0.169 | 0.206 | - | 4.2 | 3.5 | |||
| MAE1 | - | 0.164 | 0.220 | - | 4.4 | 3.3 | |||
| MAE2 | - | 0.148 | 0.212 | - | 4.9 | 3.4 | |||
| MAE3 | - | 0.163 | 0.394 | - | 4.4 | 1.8 | |||
| S. xylosus DSM20266T | N.T. | 0.341 | 0.336 | - | 0.032 | 2.1 | 2.0 | - | 0.30.5 |
| HWE | 0.234 | 0.332 | - | 3.1 | 2.0 | - | |||
| MAE1 | 0.203 | 0.407 | - | - | 4.8 | 4.7 | |||
| MAE2 | 0.220 | 0.272 | - | - | 4.2 | 3.5 | |||
| MAE3 | 0.221 | 0.274 | - | - | 4.4 | 3.3 | |||
N.T.: Not treated; HWE: Extract obtained at 50 °C × 24 h; MAE1: Extract obtained at 80 °C × 20 min; MAE2: Extract obtained at 100 °C × 8 min; MAE3: Extract obtained at 100 °C × 20 min. Mean values from the same strain were compared by Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) multiple-comparison test (95% Confidence Intervals).