Study No (Ref)	First Author, Country, Year of publication	Participants characteristics, Sample size (N), Mean Age	Intervention (I) /Control (C) methods, Follow up and Duration of study	Outcome measure	Outcomes/Conclusions
1 28	Lorig K. USA 2009	Type 2 diabetes patients from churches and senior centres N=345 (I=186, C: 159) Mean age= 66.7 (24–93 years)	I: 6-week community-based, peer-led diabetes self-management program (DSMP) consisting of 2½ hours weekly by 2 peer leaders. Class sizes ranged from 10 to 15. After 6 months Intervention group had additional 6 months of longitudinal follow up. C: Usual care, but offered DSMP after 6 months	A1C and body mass index were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. All other data were collected by self-administered questionnaires.	At 6 months, DSMP participants did not demonstrate significant improvements in A1C as compared with controls (p>0.05) Also there were significant improvements in symptoms of hypoglycaemia, depression, communication with physicians, healthy eating, and reading food labels at 6 months (P < 0.01 Conclusions: A community-based, peer led diabetes programme for people with diabetes without elevated A1C resulted in benefits including significantly less hypoglycaemia but not in glycaemic control.
2 29	Guo X.H. China 2014	Insulin-treated T2DM patients on 2 or more oral anti-diabetic drugs and HbA1c >7.5% for >3 months N=1511 Age=57.1 years	I: Structured diabetes education, including 8 models and 3 telephone follow-ups (delivered by trained nurses) plus insulin therapy. Follow up was 16 weeks. C: Usual care plus insulin therapy. All of them discontinued OADs except biguanides and a-glucosidase inhibitors.	Primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline at 16 weeks.	Significant reductions in HbA1c from baseline in the education group compared with controls (2.16% vs. 2.08%; P < 0.05). Improvement in Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was greater in the education group (P < 0.05). No difference in overall incidence of hypoglycaemic events in the two groups (education and control groups was 2.28 and 1.75 episodes per person-year, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Structured education can promote the ability of patients to self-manage and their compliance with medications, thereby achieving better outcomes. There was no difference in overall incidence of hypoglycaemic.