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. 2018 May 10;8(2):11. doi: 10.3390/life8020011

Table 2.

Ionic composition of Yellowstone hot spring water [16]. Concentrations are shown both as ppm and as millimolar (mM).

Mammoth Hot Springs T = 71.5 ± 2 °C (N = 7) Mean
pH 6.5 ± 0.3 (N = 6) 6.5
Na 131 ± 7 ppm (N = 8) 5.7 mM
Cl 166 ± 3 ppm (N = 9) 4.6 mM
Ca 305 ± 60 ppm (N = 6) 7.6 mM
Mg 68 ± 5.7 ppm (N = 7) 2.8 mM
K 55 ± 8 ppm (N = 7) 1.4 mM
HCO3 725 ± 135 ppm (N = 5) 12 mM
SO4 510 ± 38 ppm (N = 7) 5.2 mM
SiO2 53 ± 3.8 ppm (N = 8) 0.9 mM
Cationic equivalents 27.9 mM
Anionic equivalents 28.2 mM
Norris Geyser Basin T = 86 ± 6 Degrees °C (N = 20) Mean
pH 4.1 ± 0.7 (N = 14) 4.1
Na 299 ± 130 ppm (N = 18) 13 mM
Cl 611 ± 171 ppm (N = 10) 17 mM
Ca 5.9 ± 3.8 ppm (N = 16) 0.150 mM
Mg 0.6 ± 0.3 ppm (N = 16) 0.026 mM
K 53 ± 26 ppm (N = 38) 1.4 mM
H2CO3 ~0
SO4 131 ± 68 ppm (N = 4) 1.3 mM
SiO2 450 ± 123 ppm (N = 9) 7.5 mM
Cationic equivalents 14.7 mM
Anionic equivalents 18.3 mM