Table 2.

Study characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant and non-pregnant adults randomised to different NRTI regimens, combined with the same third antiretroviral agent

Authors, year	Design	Study period	Setting	Population	Sample size	Age	Third ARV	NRTI comparison
Campbell, 201235	RCT	2005–2007	Brazil, Haiti, India, Malawi, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, USA, Zimbabwe	Antiretroviral-naïve, CD4 <350 cells/μL	1042	Median 34	Efavirenz	TDF/FTC versus AZT/3TC
Fowler et al, 2016 (PROMISE)12	RCT	2012–2014	India, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe	Pregnant women, CD4 ≥350 cells/μL	694	Median 26 (IQR 22–30)	Lopinavir boosted with ritonavir	TDF/FTC versus AZT/3TC
Gallant, 200643	RCT	2003–2004	France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, USA	Antiretroviral-naïve, HIV viral load >10 000 copies/mL	509	Median 36.5	Efavirenz	TDF/FTC versus AZT/3TC
Nishijima, 201344	RCT	2007–2010	Japan	Antiretroviral-naïve, CD4 <350 cells/μL	107	Median 36 (IQR 29–42.5)	Atazanavir boosted with ritonavir	TDF/FTC versus ABC/3TC
Post, 201045	RCT	2007	13 European countries	Antiretroviral-naïve, HIV viral load ≥1000 copies/mL	385	Median 37 (range 18–70)	Efavirenz	TDF/FTC versus ABC/3TC
Rey, 200946	RCT	2005–2006	France	Antiretroviral-naïve, CD4 <350 cells/μL for men and <250 cells/μL for women	71	Mean 41.4 (range 24–74)	Nevirapine	TDF/FTC versus AZT/3TC
Sax, 200947 48	RCT	2005–2007	USA	Antiretroviral-naïve	1857	Median 39 (IQR 32–45)	Atazanavir boosted with ritonavir or efavirenz*	TDF/FTC versus ABC/3TC
Smith, 200949	RCT	2005–2006	Puerto Rico, USA	Antiretroviral-naïve, HIV viral load ≥1000 copies/mL	688	Median 38	Lopinavir boosted with ritonavir	TDF/FTC versus ABC/3TC

*Patients with an HIV viral load <10 000 copies/mL were also randomised to receive atazanavir boosted with ritonavir or efavirenz; patients with higher viral loads all received atazanavir boosted with ritonavir.

3TC, lamivudine; ABC, abacavir; ARV, antiretroviral; AZT, zidovudine; FTC, emtricitabine; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PROMISE, Promoting Maternal and Infant Survival Everywhere; RCT, randomised controlled trial; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.