Table 1.
Description of the included studies
| Author, year (reference) | Design | Setting | Participants no. |
Women % |
Age (mean, SD, range) |
Analysed | Outcomes of interest |
Supervision | Adherence |
| Beck and Norling, 201039 | Three-arm RCT LWBV versus HWBV versus continue daily activities |
Australian independently living postmenopausal women | 47 (15, 15, 17) |
100 | 71.5±9.5 | ITT/PP | aBMD hip and spine, BUA of calcaneus, falls as adverse effects | Yes | 92.1% LWBV, 91% HWBV |
| Buckinx et al, 2011/Beaudart et al, 201326 27 | Two-arm RCT WBV versus continue daily activities |
Belgium nursing home residents | 62 (31, 31) |
76 | 83.2±7.9 | ITT | Falls | Yes | 91.9% |
| Corrie et al, 201419 | Three-arm RCT vWBV versus svWBV versus sham | England referred to Geriatric falls clinic | 61 (20, 20, 21) |
61 | 80.2±6.5 | ITT | Turnover markers (CTX, P1NP) | Yes | 77% vWBV 87% svWBV 90% sham |
| Gomez-Cabello et al, 201340 | Two-arm RCT WBV versus continue daily activities |
Spain non-institutionalised elderly | 49 (24, 25) |
59 | WBV 75.2±4.7 CON 74.8±4.9 |
ITT | aBMD hip and spine, pQCT | Yes | Average 90.15%±10.73% |
| Iwamoto et al, 200423 | Two-arm RCT WBV+alendronate versus alendronate |
Japan osteoporotic women | 50 (25, 25) |
100 | 55–88 | Not stated | aBMD spine, falls as adverse effects | Not stated | Not stated |
| Kiel et al, 201522 | Two-arm RCT WBV versus sham |
North America independently living elderly | 174 (89, 85) |
67 | 82±7 | ITT | vBMD hip and spine, turnover markers (CTX, P1NP) | Electronic monitoring | 68% WBV 79% placebo |
| Leung et al, 201421 | Two-arm cluster RCT WBV versus continue daily activities |
China ≥60 years independently living women |
710 (364, 346) |
100 | 74.5±7.1 71.3±7.2 |
ITT | Fractures, falls, aBMD hip and spine | Electronic monitoring | 66% WBV |
| Liphardt et al, 201420 | Two-arm RCT WBV versus continue daily activities |
Canadaosteopenic women | 42 (22, 20) |
100 | 58.5±3.3 59.1±4.6 |
Not stated | HRpQCT, aBMD | Yes | 90% |
| Santin-Medeiros et al, 201441 | Two-arm RCT WBV versus continue daily activities |
Spain women >79 years | 43 (25, 18) |
100 | 82.4±5.7 | ITT/PP | aBMD hip | Yes | >80% |
| SitjÃ-Rabert et al, 201525 | Two-arm RCT WBV+exercise versus exercise |
Spain nursing home residents >65 years | 159 (81, 79) |
67 | 82 | ITT | Falls | Yes | >75% |
| Von Stengel et al, 201142 | Three-arm RCT WBV+exercise versus exercise versus wellness therapy |
Germany women ≥65s year, living independently | 151 (50, 50, 51) |
100 | 68.5±3.1 | ITT | Falls, aBMD hip and spine | Attendance list | WBV+exercise 80%, exercise 75% home training sessions WBV+exercise 45%, exercise 43% |
| Von Stengel et al, 201124 | Three-arm RCT vWBV versus svWBV versus wellness therapy | Germany women ≥65 years, living independently | 108 (36, 36, 36) |
100 | 68.5±3.1 | ITT | aBMD femoral neck and spine | Attendance logs | vWBV 73%, svWB 68%, con 71% |
| Verschueren et al, 200412 | Three-arm RCT WBV versus exercise versus no training |
Belgium postmenopausal women non-institutionalised | 70 (25, 22, 23) |
100 | 58–74 | Not stated | aBMD hip and spine, turnover markers (CTX) | Not stated | Not stated |
| Verschueren et al, 201143 | Four-arm RCT WBV+HDvit versus WBV+Dvit versus no training+HDvit versus no training+Dvit |
Belgium women living in nursing homes | 113 | 100 | 79.6 | ITT | aBMD hip | Yes | >90% |
aBMD, areal bone mineral density; BUA, calcaneal quantitative ultrasound; CON, controls; CTX, carboxy terminal collagen crosslink; Dvit, conventional dose vitamin D; HDvit, high-dose vitamin D; HRpQCT, high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT, HWBV, high-magnitude whole-body vibration; ITT, intent to treat; LWBV, low-magnitude whole-body vibration; P1NP, amino terminal propeptide of type I collagen; PP, per protocol; pQCT, peripheral quantitative CT; svWBV, side-alternating whole-body vibration; RCT, randomised controlled trials; vBMD, volumetric bone mineral density; vWBV, vertical whole-body vibration; WBV, whole-body vibration exercise.