Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of different methods based on microfluidics used to fabricate liposomes.

Method	Advantages	Disadvantages	Liposomes Diameter	Reference
Electroformation	Simple and rapid	Large size polydisperisity, inapplicable to ionic solutions, low encapsulation efficiency	5–150 μm	[24,25]
Hydration	Electric fields are unnecessary	Large size polydisperisity, products are multilamellar; sensitive to phospholipid type and physical conditions, low encapsulation efficiency	1–10 μm	[24]
Extrusion	Reduced size polydispersity	Relatively complex in operation	130–370 nm	[28]
Microfluidic jetting	Products are unilamellar and of controlled size, encapsulation efficiencies are high	Specialized equipment needed, sensitivity to operational parameters and types of materials used	Above 100 μm	[29]
Microfluidic hydrodynamic-focusing	Products are monodisperse, the size and lamellarity of liposomes are easily controlled, high-throughput production	Low liposome concentration in the end-product	50–300 nm	[30]
Droplet emulsion templates	Polymerosomes can be generated, the size and structure of products can be controlled, high encapsulation efficiencies	Solvent may reside between monolayers	20–200 μm	[31]