Table 3.
Effects of persistent organic pollutants on mucus and mucophilic bacteria in the gut.
| Persistent Organic Pollutant | Experimental Model | Experimental Design | Main Effects * | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) | in vivo Rats |
200 mg/kg single dose (1-d), repeated dose (3-d), repeated dose with recovery (6-d) | ↑ mucus secretion in the duodenum and jejunum; reversible | [95] |
| Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) | in vivo Mice |
50 mg/kg bw/day; 28 days | ↓ Lactobacillaceae and Verrucomicrobiacea; changes in Mucispirillum and Ruminococcaceae; ↑ Bifidobacterium |
[98] |
| Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) | in vivo Mice |
2 mg/kg in drinking water; infection with Citrobacter rodentium | ↓ Muc1, Muc2, but not Muc3 in the colon 11 days p.i. ↓ mucin content in the colon 11 days p.i.; ↑ Escherichia coli; ↓ Lactobacillus |
[103] |
* ↑ increase and ↓ decrease compared to control conditions.