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. 2018 Apr 3;8(2):18. doi: 10.3390/membranes8020018

Figure 12.

Figure 12

(a) SEM images of: (A,C) pristine; and (B,D) Cu-NPs TFC-RO membrane; and (b) XPS spectra of pristine (red) and modified Cu-NPs TFC membrane (green). The copper peaks are at 932 eV. Adapted from Ben-Sasson et al. [122].