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. 2018 Apr 3;8(2):18. doi: 10.3390/membranes8020018

Figure 13.

Figure 13

Schemes of: (A) preparation of PEI-coated Cu-NPs; (B) coating Cu-NPs on the membrane surface via the layer-by-layer self-assembly method; and (C) spray- and spin-assisted layer-by-layer (SSLBL) self-assembly process, adapted from Ma et al. [186].