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. 2018 May 18;6(2):11. doi: 10.3390/jdb6020011

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Signaling Molecules in Myogenesis (a) Paraxial mesoderm (PM) located next to the neural tube (NT). Dorsal PM gives rise to head and pharyngeal muscles while dorsal PM gives rise to somites. Intermediate mesoderm (IM) is located between the PM and the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). LPM gives rise to the vascular system and skeletal muscles of the abdomen pelvis and some limb muscle. NC, notochord; (b) Anterior-posterior pattern of skeletal muscle is initiated by the RA/FGF8 inhibitory network, with AR promoting the anterior muscles and FGF8 the posterior. Activation of Wnt promotes the central somites and NOTCH signaling that will support formation of the anterior and posterior somites via EPH4 and RIPPLY, respectively; (c) Segmentation of somites into dermomyotome (DM), myotome (MT) and sclerotome (SC) is the result of signaling molecules secreted from the dorsal NT (BMP, WNT1/3a), notochord (SHH), ectoderm (WNT6/11, WNT7a, BMP4), and LPM (BMP4, FGF5). DML, dorsomedial lip; VLL, Ventrolateral lip.