Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and 30-Day Readmission Rates, Stratified by Neighborhood Disadvantage Levels: Henry Ford Hospital Medicare Fee-For-Service Beneficiaries 65+, 2010
| Characteristic | Overall (N=6,645) |
Less Disadvantaged (N=3,327) |
More Disadvantaged (N=3,318) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | 77.1 | 76.7 | 77.5 | *** .000 |
| Sex: male (%) | 45 | 48 | 41 | *** .000 |
| Marital Status: married (%) | 43 | 52 | 34 | *** .000 |
| Race: Black (%) | 65 | 45 | 84 | *** .000 |
| Primary Diagnosis at Time of Discharge (%) | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 7.2 | 6.0 | 8.4 | *** .000 |
| Septicemia | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.3 | .072 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | .549 |
| Acute cerebrovascular disease | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | .671 |
| Complication of device | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.3 | .217 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis | 3.3 | 2.3 | 4.3 | ***.000 |
| Urinary tract infections | 3.5 | 2.7 | 4.2 | ***.000 |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.0 | .491 |
| Pneumonia | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.0 | .255 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 2.8 | 2.3 | 3.3 | *.014 |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 37.4 | 35.7 | 39.1 | **.004 |
| Congestive heart failure | 10.4 | 7.7 | 13.1 | ***.000 |
| Coronary atherosclerosis/angina, cerebrovascular disease | 47.6 | 46.6 | 48.6 | .093 |
| Specified arrhythmias | 24.2 | 26.2 | 22.1 | ***.000 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 15.3 | 14.5 | 16.2 | *.047 |
| Acute renal failure | 13.8 | 10.7 | 16.9 | ***.000 |
| Cancers | 10.9 | 11.6 | 10.2 | .059 |
| Drug/alcohol disorders and psychiatric conditions | 12.8 | 13.7 | 12.0 | *.034 |
| Other | 39.9 | 37.9 | 42.0 | **.001 |
| Readmission (%) | 19.2 | 16.1 | 22.3 | ***.000 |
Notes:
The ADI cut point (50% or median) used to classify the neighborhoods (less disadvantaged vs. more disadvantaged) was based on the HFH ADI distribution, rather than the national distribution which was referred to for the purpose of comparison only.
Other comorbid risk factors include: severe infection, other infectious disease & pneumonias, protein-calorie malnutrition, end-stage liver disease, other hematological disorders, hemiplegia, paraplegia, paralysis, functional disability, seizure disorders and convulsions, fibrosis of lung or other chronic lung disorders, dialysis status, ulcers, septicemia/shock, disorders of fluid, electrolyte, acid-base, iron deficiency, cardiorespiratory failure or cardiorespiratory shock, pancreatic disease, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory connective tissue, respirator dependence/tracheostomy status, transplants, coagulation defects/other specified hematological disorders, hip fracture/dislocation.
p<.001
p<.01
p<.05