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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 2.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2016 Sep 27;24(5):555–574. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2016.1227423

Table 1.

Mean normative ratings of valence and arousal for the pictures used in experiments 1 and 2.

Positive
Neutral
High-arousal Low-arousal High-arousal Low-arousal
Arousal 3.5 (.07) 2.7 (.05) 3.4 (.07) 2.8 (.09)
Valence 6.5 (.08) 6.6 (.09) 5.5 (.07) 5.6 (.10)

Means were calculated by averaging normative ratings from younger and older adults (Grühn & Scheibe, 2008). All ratings were made on a nine-point self-assessment manikin (SAM) scale. Higher arousal ratings are indicative of higher arousal, and higher valence ratings are indicative of positive emotion. Standard errors are in parentheses. Inferential statistics provided in Table 2. High-arousal neutral pictures were not used in Experiment 1.