Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population
| All | Cases ALT ≥40 IU/L |
Controls ALT <40 IU/L |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 632 | 178 (28.2) | 454 (71.8) | |
| Age (years) | 48.7 ± 12.8 | 46.8 ± 11.2 | 49.5 ± 13.3 | 0.009 |
| Sex (male %) | 25.95 | 42.70 | 19.38 | 1.8×10−9 |
| Education Level | ||||
| ≤ 6 years | 17.09 | 11.80 | 19.16 | 0.041 |
| ≤ 12 years | 39.08 | 42.70 | 37.67 | |
| > 12 years | 42.41 | 42.70 | 42.29 | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 74.37 | 71.35 | 75.55 | 0.276 |
| Yes | 25.63 | 28.65 | 24.45 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 4.7 | 29.4 ± 4.5 | 26.2 ± 4.5 | 1.5×10−14 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 99.1 ± 33.5 | 105.2 ± 33.5 | 96.8 ± 33.2 | 0.004 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 200.3 ± 39.7 | 199.0 ± 36.2 | 200.8 ± 41.0 | 0.599 |
| Triglycerides (mg/ml) | 169.2 ± 119.1 | 200.0 ± 102.3 | 157.1 ± 123.1 | 8.5×10−10 |
| HDL-C (mg/ml) | 38.7 ± 11.9 | 36.4 ± 9.6 | 39.5 ± 12.6 | 8.8×10−4 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 124.6 ± 36.9 | 123.6 ± 35.1 | 125.0 ± 37.5 | 0.666 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 31.9 ± 26.5 | 64.8 ± 29.5 | 19.0 ± 7.0 | 2.2×10−49 |
| AST (IU/L) | 26.0 ± 16.1 | 44.6 ± 19.4 | 18.6 ± 5.1 | 9.9×10−42 |
Results are presented as means ± standard deviations or n (%).
P values were obtained by comparing cases to controls.
Differences between proportions were performed using chi-square tests of homogeneity and differences between means were performed using t-test. Triglycerides were log-transformed before the analysis.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; HDL-C, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase.