Appendix Table A.1.
Replication of Ruhm (2000) estimates, Different Specifications and years
| Mortality Measure | Ruhm | Ruhm | Ours | Ours | Ours | Age-adjusted mortality | Unadjusted mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | Ruhm | Ruhm | Ruhm | Ours | Ours | Ours | Ours, Detailed Age Controls |
| Years | 1972-1991 | 78-91 | 78-91 | 78-91 | 78-06 | 78-06 | 78-06 |
| Weight by Population | |||||||
| URate | −0.54*** | −0.4827*** | −0.3766*** | −0.3994* | −0.1908* | −0.329** | −0.3019*** |
| (0.0975) | (0.1036) | (0.0713) | (0.0808) | (0.0957) | (0.0997) | (0.0851) | |
| Unweighted | |||||||
| URate | −0.5609*** | −0.5334*** | −0.404*** | −0.5195*** | −0.2839*** | −0.373*** | −0.3088*** |
| (0.0899) | (0.0998) | (0.0774) | (0.0995) | (0.0796) | (0.0741) | (0.0834) | |
| Year-Varying Population Weights | |||||||
| URate | −0.535*** | −0.4725*** | −0.3707*** | −0.3981*** | −0.2087** | −0.352*** | −0.3213*** |
| (0.0971) | (0.1035) | (0.0711) | (0.0815) | (0.0934) | (0.0975) | (0.0829) | |
| Weight by Population: Subgroups | |||||||
| Women | |||||||
| URate | −0.3447*** | −0.2274* | −0.4019*** | −0.3141*** | |||
| (0.0820) | (0.0912) | (0.1113) | (0.0826) | ||||
| Men | |||||||
| URate | −0.4395*** | −0.1283 | −0.2446** | −0.2415** | |||
| (0.0913) | (0.1127) | (0.1054) | (0.0995) | ||||
| Women 65+ | |||||||
| URate | −0.4321*** | −0.2295** | −0.4093*** | −0.3236*** | |||
| (0.0924) | (0.0987) | (0.1204) | (0.0780) | ||||
| Men 65+ | |||||||
| URate | −0.354*** | −0.028 | −0.1809*** | −0.1565** | |||
| (0.0927) | (0.0828) | (0.0637) | (0.0682) | ||||
Notes: Dependent variable is log death rate. In columns 1 and 2, the log death rate is calculated using Ruhm’s estimates; in columns 3-5 and 7, it is our own calculations. In column 6, the death rate is age-adjusted (described in text). Each cell is a separate regression, with specifications or outcome variable varying according to the panel heading. Each parameter is the estimated mortality semi-elasticity with respect to the state-year unemployment rate, with coefficients multiplied by 100. The time period of each sample is listed at the head of the column. Our RHS variables include the fraction of the state population who are: less than five years old, greater than 65 years old, high school dropouts, with some college, college graduates, black and Hispanic, taken from annual CPS files. Ruhm’s control variables are similar, but based on interpolations between Census years. Column 7 includes detailed age controls, which are share of _____. Standard errors clustered at the state level. Estimates weighted by state-year population of relevant age group.
Significant at the 1 percent level.
Significant at the 5 percent level.
Significant at the 10 percent level