Appendix Table A.3.
Effects of Unemployment on Mortality by Age and Cause and Additional Deaths
| Coefficients on Unemployment Rate | Additional deaths from 1 percent Increase in Unemployment Rate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age Group | Age Group | |||||||
| Cause of Death | All | 0 to 24 | 25-64 | 65+ | All | 0-24 | 25-64 | 65+ |
| Cardiovascular | −0.0035** | −0.0023 | −0.0007 | −0.0037** | −2905 | −6 | −110 | −2504 |
| (0.0011) | (0.0042) | (0.0014) | (0.0012) | |||||
| Cancer | 0.0026*** | 0.0017 | 0.0020* | 0.0027*** | 1488 | 5 | 351 | 1096 |
| (0.0006) | (0.0042) | (0.0011) | (0.0007) | |||||
| Respiratory | −0.0085*** | −0.0228** | −0.0104*** | −0.0064** | −1939 | −40 | −318 | −1248 |
| (0.0028) | (0.0096) | (0.0036) | (0.0031) | |||||
| Infections & Immune Deficiencies | −0.0058 | −0.0181** | −0.0190 | −0.0091*** | −478 | −27 | −543 | −477 |
| (0.0061) | (0.0079) | (0.0154) | (0.0029) | |||||
| Degenerative Brain Diseases | −0.0090*** | −0.0005 | −0.0058* | −0.0073* | −1793 | −1 | −69 | −1353 |
| (0.0032) | (0.0122) | (0.0034) | (0.0041) | |||||
| Kidney | −0.0092** | −0.0101 | −0.0080 | −0.0088* | −430 | −3 | −65 | −335 |
| (0.0045) | (0.0128) | (0.0060) | (0.0044) | |||||
| Nutrition Related | −0.0012 | −0.0074 | −0.0012 | −0.0011 | −112 | −3 | −32 | −68 |
| (0.0043) | (0.0122) | (0.0050) | (0.0048) | |||||
| MVA | −0.0254*** | −0.0275*** | −0.0254*** | −0.0220*** | −1149 | −360 | −640 | −155 |
| (0.0055) | (0.0052) | (0.0062) | (0.0061) | |||||
| Other Accidents | −0.0083** | −0.0163*** | −0.0033 | −0.0091 | −634 | −133 | −128 | −270 |
| (0.0038) | (0.0043) | (0.0067) | (0.0056) | |||||
| Suicide | 0.0137** | −0.0005 | 0.0188*** | 0.0097 | 455 | −2 | 444 | 51 |
| (0.0055) | (0.0074) | (0.0061) | (0.0058) | |||||
| Homocide | −0.0088 | −0.0155* | −0.0073 | 0.0110 | −167 | −107 | −82 | 9 |
| (0.0079) | (0.0076) | (0.0090) | (0.0089) | |||||
| VS “Other” | −0.0176** | −0.0484*** | −0.0297** | −0.0049 | −1194 | −320 | −606 | −199 |
| (0.0083) | (0.0064) | (0.0130) | (0.0083) | |||||
| Residual | −0.0054* | −0.0052 | −0.0090 | −0.0016 | −725 | −126 | −430 | −100 |
| (0.0031) | (0.0033) | (0.0065) | (0.0021) | |||||
Notes: Dependent variable is log age-adjusted death rate for a given cause listed in each row. Each column is a different age group, indicated at column head. Each cell is a separate regression, and each parameter is the estimated mortality semi-elasticity with respect to the state-year unemployment rate, with coefficients multiplied by 100. Controls include state and year fixed effects, state-specific trends, demographic and education controls. The columns to the right of the table estimate the number of deaths averted (or caused) by a 1 percent increase in the unemployment rate, based on the number of deaths in each age-group and category in 2006. The sample includes the years 1978-2006. Standard errors clustered at the state level. Estimates weighted by state-year population of relevant age group.
Significant at the 1 percent level.
Significant at the 5 percent level.
Significant at the 10 percent level