Table 3. Results of cancer treatments and safety evaluations of E. oleracea extract in animal models.

References	Therapeutic indication	Action of açaí	Unchanged parameters	Effects of açaí
Stoner et al. 2010	Chemopreventive	↓ incidence, multiplicity and inflammatory cytokines; ↑ serum antioxidant capacity and IFNγ	Body weight, food consumption, pro and antiinflammatory	Inhibits esophageal tumorigenesis progression
Fragoso et al. 2012	Chemopreventive (anticarcinogenic)	↓ incidence, multiplicity, tumor cell proliferation, urothelial preneoplastic lesions, p63 and PCNA expression and DNA damage	Body weight, food consumption, bladder and kidney weight, kidney biochemical markers, cytoplasmatic and nuclear β-catenin expression	Inhibits urothelial bladder carcinogenesis
Fragoso et al. 2013	Chemopreventive	↓ invasiveness, multiplicity and growth of tumor, cell proliferation and cleaved caspase-3, number of aberrant crypts	Body weight, food consumption, β-catenin expression and toxicity	Inhibits colon carcinogenesis
Nascimento et al. 2016	Anticarcinogenic	↓ tumor, muscle total protein; ↑ oxidative stress in cerebral cortex	Liver protein, oxidative stress in muscle and liver	Reduces Walker-256 tumor
Choi et al. 2017	Anticarcinogenic	↓ incidence, multiplicity and tumor, cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokines and COX-2; ↑ cleaved-caspase-3 expression.	Not mentioned	Inhibits colon carcinogenesis
Monge-Fuentes et al. 2017	Anticarcinogenic (Photodynamic)	↓ tumor, liver and spleen weight; ↑ necrosis; Differences in body weight	Toxicity of the kidneys and lungs	Reduces melanoma carcinogenesis (photosensitizer)
Ribeiro et al. 2010	Protective effects	↓ MNPCE and DXR-induced genotoxicity in bone marrow or liver and kidney cells	PCE, DNA damage and genotoxic effects	Reduction in DNA damage induced by DXR
Schauss et al. 2010	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Body weight, food consumption, mortality, organ weights, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, and genotoxicity	Negative mutagenic effects
Marques et al. 2016	Not mentioned	↑ cell viability	DNA damage, clastogenic and aneugenic effect	Negative genotoxicity effects

COX-2 = cyclooxygenase 2; DXR = antitumoral agent doxorubicin; IFNγ = interferon gamma; MNPCE = number of micronucleated peripheral blood polychromatic erythrocytes cells; PCE = peripheral blood polychromatic erythrocytes cells; PCNA = proliferating cell nuclear antigen.