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. 2018 Jul;28(7):983–997. doi: 10.1101/gr.233874.117

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© 2018 Lazar et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Figure 8. — Two models to explain colocalization of BOS and TAD boundaries in genome evolution. (A) Based on the “fragile TAD boundary” model, TAD boundaries carry epigenetic marks associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB, red dotted lines) and repair. DSBs will therefore occur more frequently at TAD boundaries than at other genomic regions and have a higher chance to be repaired and evolutionarily fixed. (B) The “TAD boundary selection” model assumes that DSBs occur equally at TAD boundaries and within TADs. However, rearrangements altering TAD structure by misplacing or deleting TAD boundaries are lost through purifying selection, whereas those maintaining TADs intact are more likely to become evolutionarily fixed. In a small portion of the cases, new TAD boundaries might emerge (green diamond) and survive in the population.