Table 5.

Summary of incretin drugs

Incretin drugs	Dose and frequency
GLP-1 receptor agonist (incretin mimetics) a
Daily
Exenatide	5–10 μg SC BID within 60 min before meals and at least 6 h apart
Liraglutide	0.6 mg/day SC for 1 week and then increase to 1.2 mg/day, maximum 1.8 mg/day
Lixisenatide	up titration to 20 mcg SC/day
Combination insulin analog basal/GLP1-RA
Insulin glargine/lixisenatide	15–60 units SC/day.
Insulin degludec/liraglutide	100/3.6:10–50 units daily.
Once-Weekly
Exenatide extended-release	2 mg once-weekly
Albiglutide	30 to 50 mg SC/week in a single dose pen (discontinued in 2017)
Dulaglutide	0.75–1.5 mg once-weekly
Semaglutide	0.5–1 mg once-weekly
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (incretin enhancers) b
Sitagliptin	50 mg, 100 mg/day
Saxagliptin	2.5 mg, 5 mg/day
Linagliptin	5 mg/day
Alogliptin	25 mg/day
Vildagliptin	50 mg, 100 mg/day (Europe and Asia)
Amylinomimetic c
Pramlintide	60–120 μg SC before every major meal

GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1, SC subcutaneous, BID twice daily,

^aInjections, GLP receptor agonists and amylin delay gastric emptying (GE)

^bOral agents; unclear effect on GE [63, 64]

^c Amylin is a peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic β cells