Table 7.

Causes of gastroparesis

General causes of gastroparesis	Etiology
Surgical causes	Vagotomy and gastric resection/drainage Fundoplication, oesophagectomy Gastric bypass surgery Whipple procedure Heart/lung transplant
Infections	Viruses: Epstein–Barr virus, varicella, parvovirus-like Chagas disease Clostridium botulinum
Central nervous system disorders	Cerebrovascular accidents/trauma Tumors Labyrinthine disorders Seizures
Peripheral nervous system disorders	Parkinson’s disease Guillain–Barre Multiple sclerosis Dysautonomias
Neuropsychiatric disorders	Anorexia nervosa/bulimia Rumination syndrome
Rheumatologic disease	Scleroderma Systemic lupus erythematosus Polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Endocrine and metabolism diseases	Diabetes Hypothyroidism Electrolyte disorders Renal failure Pregnancy Neoplastic(para)-breast, small cell lung, pancreas
Miscellaneous neuromuscular diseases	Amyloidosis Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction Myotonic dystrophy