Table 2.
Echocardiographicparameters.
| LV EDVi (ml/m2) | 48 | 40.6–58.6 |
| LV ESVi (ml/m2) | 24 | 16.9–33.0 |
| IVS (mm) | 13 | 12–14 |
| RWT | 0.508 | 0.488–0.527 |
| LAVi (cm2/m2) | 44 | 40.6–47.3 |
| E/A | 0.729 | 0.55–1.05 |
| DT (ms) | 232 | 215.2–248.4 |
| E/e′(average sept + lat/2) | 17 | 15.1–18.3 |
| s′ septal (cm/s) | 6 | 5.3–6.0 |
| s′ lateral (cm/s) | 6 | 5.0–7.4 |
| EF (%) | 61 | 54.7–68.1 |
| GLS (%) | −14 | 13.2–14.7 |
| LVMi (g/m²) | 134 | 127.3–139.9 |
| LVH | 73 | 91.2% |
| EstimatedsPAP | 30 | 25–35 |
| Systolicdysfunction (EF < 50%) | 14 | 17% |
| Diastolic dysfunction (grade I/II/III) | 13/47/20 | 16.3/58.7/25% |
| Stroke Volume index (ml/m2) | 35 | 33.1–37.7 |
| AVAi (ml/mq) | 0.359 | 0.33–0.38 |
| AS jet velocity (m/s) | 4 | 4.29–4.50 |
| Maximum pressure gradient (mmHg) | 77 | 69.0–87.8 |
| Mean pressure gradient (mmHg) | 47 | 41.0–53.8 |
| Velocity Ratio | 0.202 | 0.19–0.21 |
| ZVA (mmHg/mL/m2) | 5 | 4.280–6.06 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 20 | 17.75–24 |
| ACC/AHA GROUP: D1/D2/D3 | 62/14/4 | 77.5%/17.5%/5% |
| FLOW/GRADIENT GROUP: NF-LG/NF-HG/LF-HG/LF-LG | 17/32/13/4 | 21%/40%/16%/4% |
Note: the data are presented as number and %, mean and 95% confidence intervals if normally distributed or median and range interquartile if not normally distributed. ACC/AHA: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association group: D1) Classical Phenotype (Vmax > 4 m/sec; MG > 40 mmHg; AVAi < 0.6 cm2/m2); D2) Classical Low Flow Low Gradient (Vmax < 4 m/sec; MG < 40 mmHg; AVAi < 0.6 cm2/m2); D3) Paradoxical Low Flow Low Gradient (Vmax < 4 m/sec; MG < 40 mmHg; AVAi < 0.6 cm2/m2, with an SVi < 35 ml/m2). FLOW/GRADIENT GROUP: NF normal flow (Svi > 35 ml/m2); LF low flow (SVi < 35 ml/m2); LG low gradient (mean pressure gradient < 40 mmHg); HG high gradient (mean pressure gradient > 40 mmHg).
AS: aortic stenosis; AVAi: aortic valve area index; DT: deceleration time; E/A: ratio of early to late diastolic mitral filing velocity (PW); EDVi: indexed end-diastolic volume; E/e′: ratio of trans-mitral early diastolic velocity (PW) to tissue early diastolic mitral annular velocity (TDI); EF: ejection fraction; ESVi: end-systolic volume indexed; GLS: global longitudinal strain; IVS: inter-ventricular septum; LAVi: indexed left atrium volume; LVMi: indexed left ventricular mass; LV: left ventricle; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy (defined as LVMi >115 g/m2 in males or >95 g/m2 in females); sPAP systolic pulmonary artery pressure; RWT: relative wall thickness; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; ZVA: valvulo-arterial impedance.