. 2018 Jul 2;8:9964. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28020-w

Table 1.

Effects of CO₂, O₃, plant developmental stage, and their interactions on alfalfa growth traits. F and P values from MANOVAs are shown.

Plant growth traits	CO₂		O₃		Developmental stage		CO₂ × O₃		CO₂ × developmental stage		O₃ × developmental stage		CO₂ × O₃ × developmental stage
Plant growth traits	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
Photosynthetic rate	12.416	0.001	122.083	<0.001	807.924	<0.001	17.667	<0.001	34.458	<0.001	85.638	<0.001	3.216	0.076
Chlorophyll content	0.070	0.792	19.599	<0.001	25.991	<0.001	1.801	0.182	2.446	0.120	2.658	0.105	0.121	0.728
Plant height	0.913	0.341	1.006	0.317	218.391	<0.001	11.098	0.001	0.002	0.966	2.680	0.104	0.003	0.958
Aboveground biomass	0.001	0.975	50.332	<0.001	1477.290	<0.001	3.541	0.062	0.418	0.519	18.135	<0.001	1.124	0.291
Belowground biomass	8.674	0.004	7.223	0.008	296.733	<0.001	0.664	0.417	7.778	0.006	3.179	0.077	0.358	0.551
Flowering time	2.301	0.180	4.279	0.084			8.387	0.027
Podding time	0.521	0.497	0.646	0.452			1.819	0.226
Number of flowers per plant	4.126	0.045	50.080	<0.001			1.893	0.172
Number of pods per plant	4.109	0.047	168.686	<0.001			13.533	<0.001

P values < 0.05 are bolded.