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. 2018 May 4;28(7):771–774. doi: 10.1038/s41422-018-0039-1

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© IBCB, SIBS, CAS 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, and provide a link to the Creative Commons license. You do not have permission under this license to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Genetic landscape of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. a Genome-wide mutational landscape of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus, characterized by whole-exome sequencing. Top panel: The number of somatic mutations in each tumor. Four key clinicopathological characteristics are presented below. Stage was determined based on the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual: Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction. Left panel: The total number of patients harboring mutations in each gene. Middle panel: The matrix of mutations in a selection of frequently mutated genes, arranged vertically by statistical or functional group and colored by the type of alterations. Amp and Del correspond to amplification and deletion events, respectively, as indicated by a GISTIC value ± 2. Significantly mutated genes are displayed in bold. Columns represent samples. Bottom panel: Mutation fraction of the six-base substitution for each patient. b Significant copy number gains (red) and losses (blue) detected by GISTIC 2.0 (shown as peaks). Cancer-related genes with recurrent copy number alterations in peaks are labeled. c Mutation fraction of the six-base substitution labeled in different colors for small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), chromosomal instability variant of gastric cancer (GA-CIN) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). d Hierarchical clustering of SCCE, ESCC, HNSCC, EAC, GA-CIN and SCLC according to the mutation frequency of 96 mutation types (six-base substitutions each with 16 possible combinations of neighboring bases)