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. 2018 Jul 2;217(7):2291–2298. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201804161

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© 2018 Bansal and Simon

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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Figure 1. — Maintenance of redox homeostasis in normal versus cancer cells. (A) Cells maintain a balance of antioxidants against ROS generated by the different physiological processes. (B) Cellular (Li et al., 2014a) redox states are maintained by modulating ROS production and elimination. Under normal conditions, cells maintain homeostasis by producing enough antioxidants to balance ROS production. However, because of hypoxia and metabolic alterations in cancer cells, increased amounts of ROS are generated, which are counteracted by enhanced antioxidant responses. However, when this balance is disrupted, high ROS levels can disrupt normal cellular machinery, triggering cell death.