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De novo biosynthesis of GSH. GSH is generated from glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine in two successive ATP-dependent enzymatic steps. First, γ-glutamylcysteine is synthesized by a GCL, a reaction consuming glutamic acid and cysteine, and forming a γ-peptide bond. The second step is catalyzed by GSS, adding glycine to the C terminus of γ-glutamylcysteine, resulting in the final GSH product.
