Skip to main content
. 2018 Jun 26;9:675. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00675

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Influence of sinomenine (SIN) on neuropeptides in serum, small intestine and synovium of CIA rats. Rats were intragastrically administered with SIN and intraperitoneally administered with α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) or nicotine (NIC) from day 14 to day 28. α-BTX was administered 30 min before the administration of vehicle or SIN. (A) The mRNA expressions of SST, VIP, CCK, and substance P (SP) in small intestine were measured by quantitative PCR assay. (B) The mRNA expression of VIP in synovium was measured by quantitative PCR assay. (C) The mRNA expression of VIP in small intestine was measured by quantitative PCR assay. (D) The level of VIP in small intestines and sera were determined by ELISA. (E) Correlations of intestinal/serum level of VIP with histological scores, paws swelling, or arthritis index scores were evaluated by spearman bivariate correlation analysis. Rs, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant difference. The relative expressions of genes measured by quantitative PCR assay were normalized to that of β-actin. Data were expressed as means ± SEM, n = 5. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 versus Model; &P < 0.05 versus SIN.