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. 2018 Jun 26;9:675. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00675

FIGURE 7.

FIGURE 7

Influence of the antagonist of VIP receptor on the anti-arthritic effect of sinomenine (SIN). Rats were intragastrically administered with SIN and intraperitoneally administered with VIP hybrid or nicotine (NIC) from day 14 to day 28. VIP hybrid was administered 30 min before the administration of vehicle, NIC or SIN. (A) The paw swelling and arthritis index were determined. (B) Photographs of representative hind paws were taken, and histopathological changes of right ankle joints in each group were determined by HE staining (original magnification 200×). (C) The histological scores of each group were calculated. (D) The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Data were expressed as means ± SEM, n = 6–8. F-values were 9.86 for paw swelling and 11.45 for arthritis index in (A). ##P < 0.01 versus Normal; ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 versus Model; $P < 0.05 versus NIC; &P < 0.05 and &&P < 0.01 versus SIN.