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. 2001 Nov;12(11):3690–3702. doi: 10.1091/mbc.12.11.3690

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Sec18p and Vti1p are essential for the autophagy. (A) Cells expressing Pho8Δ60p (wild-type [wt], sec18, sec17, vti1-11, and cdc48-3) cultured in YPD at 23°C (open bar) were shifted to SD(-N) and cultured for 4 h at 23°C (shaded bar) or 34°C (filled bar). The ALP activity of the lysate was measured to estimate autophagic activity. (B) Time course of autophagy. Wild-type, sec18, sec17, and vti1-11 cultured in YPD at 23°C were shifted to SD(-N) at 23°C (circle), 34°C (square), or 37°C (triangle). Cells cultured in SD(-N) for 3 h were shifted from 23 to 34°C (open circle), from 34 to 23°C (open square), or from 37 to 23°C (open triangle). (C) Recovery of autophagy in sec18. Wild-type (wt) and sec18 cells cultured in YPD at 23°C were shifted to SD(-N) at 23°C (wt, open circle; sec18, filled circle) or 30°C (sec18, filled square). sec18 cells cultured in SD(-N) at 30°C for 2 h were shifted to 23°C (open square).