Table 2.
Experimental and simulated values of the biomarkers considered for the parameter optimization.
| Biomarker | Weight in the cost function | Experimental value (mean ± SD) | Simulated value |
|---|---|---|---|
| APA (mV) | 1 | 104 ± 6.0 | 109.6 |
| MDP (mV) | 2 | −75.6 ± 6.6 | −75.8 |
| CL (ms) | 2 | 1700.0 ± 547.7 | 1549.3 |
| Vmax (V/s) | 1 | 27.8 ± 26.3 | 24.8 |
| APD10 (ms) | 1 | 74.1 ± 26.3 | 85.8 |
| APD30 (ms) | 1 | 180 ± 58.6 | 241.8 |
| APD90 (ms) | 1 | 414.7 ± 119.4 | 379.8 |
| Triangulation (-) | 1 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 3.0 |
| DURATION (ms) | 1 | 804.5 ± 188.0 | 617.8 |
| TPEAK (ms) | 1 | 270.4 ± 108.3 | 165.9 |
| RT1050 (ms) | 1 | 82.9 ± 50.5 | 47.7 |
| RT1090 (ms) | 1 | 167.3 ± 69.8 | 106.0 |
| DT9010 (ms) | 1 | 409.8 ± 100.1 | 367.6 |
| FREQ (Hz) | 1 | 0.70 ± 0.38 | 0.65 |
Comparison between the simulated biomarkers and the experimental ones used for the model parameter optimization. AP biomarkers: AP amplitude (APA), maximum diastolic potential (MDP), cycle length (CL), maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax), AP duration at 10, 30, and 90% of repolarization (APD10, APD30, APD90) and AP shape factor (Triangulation). Ca2+ transient biomarkers: duration of the transient (DURATION), time to peak (TPEAK), rise time from 10 to 50% and to 90% (RT1050, RT1090), decay time from 90 to 10% (DT9010) and the Ca2+ transient rate (FREQ).