Table 1.

Comparison of the three Studies' methods.

	Study 1	Study 2	Study 3
Target age groups
Toddlers (~2–5 years old)		X	X
Elementary-aged (~5–12 years old)	X	X	X
Adolescent (~12–18 years old)		X	X
Young adult (~18–30 years old)		X	X
Adult (~30–50 years old)	X	X	X
Elderly (over ~65 years old)	X		X
Design
Target age	Within-subjects	Between-subjects	Within-subjects
Target sex	Between-subjects	Within-subjects	Between-subjects
Stereotype rating	Within-subjects	Within-subjects	Between-subjects