Table 4.
Toddlers | Elementary-aged | Adolescents | Young adult | Adult | Elderly | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
POSITIVE VIOLATIONS | ||||||||||||
Study 1 | 3.64a* | 1.58 | 4.26b | 1.76 | 4.75c* | 1.29 | ||||||
Study 2 | 4.37a* | 1.41 | 3.37bc* | 1.49 | 3.04b* | 1.50 | 3.59c* | 1.65 | 3.93d | 1.37 | ||
NEGATIVE VIOLATIONS | ||||||||||||
Study 1 | 3.84a | 1.52 | 2.84b* | 1.69 | 4.15c | 1.55 | ||||||
Study 2 | 4.30a | 1.45 | 3.76b | 1.52 | 2.82c* | 1.41 | 2.85c* | 1.61 | 3.41b* | 1.56 |
Means with the different subscripts differed by p < 0.05. Means with
were significantly different from the midpoint of the scale (4) at p < 0.05. Means lower than 4 indicate it was less desirable for males than females to violate the stereotype, means above 4 indicate it was less desirable for females than males to violate the stereotype.