Fig. 3.

The transcanal endoscopic infracochlear approach: on the left, the schematic drawing shows the surgical route from the external auditory canal to the infracochlear below the cochlea (black arrow); on the right, the CT Scan in coronal view shows the working area, and the bony removal (dotted area), which may be performed under this approach between the cochlea superiorly and the jugular bulb inferiorly in order to reach the petrous apex cells (from Marchioni et al., 2013 ⁵, mod.).