Table 3.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of oral metformin in overweight and obese adolescents from this study compared with literature values from different patient populations

Population	Study design	TBW (kg)	Age (years)	AUCa (mg × min/l)	CL/F (l/min)	V/F (l)	Ka (min−1)
Obese adolescents from this study	Fasted	79.3 ± 13.9	14.5 ± 1.8	AUC0–inf 460.5 ± 223 AUC0–8 316.5 ± 101.6	1.17b	485b	0.0248b
Non-obese children [7]	Dinner	33.3 ± 2.7	9.5 ± 0.1	AUC0–12 816.2 ± 57.8	0.55 ± 0.55c	185 ± 11.7d	0.0175 ± 0.0045
Obese adolescents with T2DM [8]	Breakfast	98 ± 25	(12–16)	AUC0–inf 378.7 ± 1.6	1.32e	–	–
Healthy adults [8]	Breakfast	91 ± 21	(20–45)	AUC0–inf 398 ± 1.7	1.26e	–	–
Healthy adults and adults with T2DM [29]	–	71 ± 14 89 ± 16	27 ± 6 56 ± 5	–	1.27 ± 0.27 1.32 ± 0.11	559 ± 163 648 ± 13.8	–
Obese adults [28]	Fasted	114.6 ± 26.1	43.5 ± 11.7	AUC0–inf 342 ± 108	1.46e	114.6 ± 45.8f	–

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (range) unless specified otherwise

AUC_0–12 AUC concentrations from 0 to 12 h after dose, AUC_0–8 area under the curve concentrations from 0 to 8 h after dose, AUC_0–inf AUC until infinity, CL/F oral clearance, Ka absorption rate constant, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, TBW total body weight, V/F oral volume of distribution

^aDose standardized (500 mg) AUC

^bPopulation mean

^cReported clearance of 0.33 ± 0.033 with fixed bioavailability of 60%

^dReported volume of 111 ± 7 with fixed bioavailability of 60%

^eCalculated by CL/F = dose/AUC

^fReported weight normalized V/F of 1.0 ± 0.4 l/kg