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Treatment over control for male and female cells cultured on microstructured Ti surfaces and treated with 17β-estradiol for 24 h at confluence on TCPS. Cell number (a) and alkaline phosphatase-specific activity in cell lysates was assessed (b). Production of osteocalcin (c), osteoprotegerin (d), and active (e) and latent TGF-β1 (f) after 24-h fresh medium incubation. *p < 0.05, vs. untreated control per surfaces; •p < 0.05, vs. PT; #p < 0.05, vs. female cells
