Table 2.
Associations with edentulism estimated by Poisson regression
| All | Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Adjusted Prevalence Ratioa (95% CI) | Adjusted Prevalence Ratioa (95% CI) | Adjusted Prevalence Ratioa (95% CI) |
| Sociodemographics | |||
| Age in years | |||
| 50–59 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 60–69 | 2.21 (1.68, 2.91)*** | 2.38 (1.55, 3.68)*** | 2.13 (1.52, 3.00)*** |
| 70–79 | 4.89 (3.65, 6.56)*** | 4.92 (3.10, 7.79)*** | 5.05 (3.52, 7.25)*** |
| 80 or more | 5.94 (3.76, 9.39)*** | 7.91 (4.27, 14.64)*** | 4.33 (2.08, 9.01)*** |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1 (Reference) | – | – |
| Male | 0.83 (0.63, 1.10) | ||
| Education | |||
| None | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Elementary | 1.20 (0.88, 1.64) | 1.00 (0.58, 1.72) | 1.28 (0.86, 1.78) |
| High school/Higher education | 0.88 (0.59, 1.30) | 0.86 (0.46, 1.63) | 0.79 (0.48, 1.32) |
| Subjective economic background | |||
| Poor | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Medium | 1.12 (0.88, 1.43) | 1.12 (0.79, 1.59) | 1.15 (0.83, 1.59) |
| Rich | 1.27 (0.95, 1.69) | 1.40 (0.91, 2.16) | 1.19 (0.82, 1.73) |
| Urban residence (base = rural) | 1.10 (0.88, 1.38) | 0.98 (0.70, 1.35) | 1.28 (0.94, 1.73) |
| Region | |||
| Sumatra | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Java | 0.77 (0.59, 1.00) | 1.14 (0.74, 1.75) | 0.56 (0.40, 0.79)*** |
| Main island groups | 2.08 (1.59, 2.71)*** | 2.75 (1.79, 4.21)*** | 1.74 (1.24, 2.45)*** |
| Social capital (low) | 1.16 (0.92, 1.47) | 1.00 (0.68, 1.47) | 1.32 (1.00, 1.79)* |
| Health variables | |||
| Self-rated health (Unhealthy) | 1.07 (0.86, 1.36) | 1.17 (0.83, 1.65) | 0.97 (0.73, 1.29) |
| Body mass index (Underweight) | 1.23 (0.93, 1.62) | 1.26 (0.85, 1.86) | 1.18 (0.80, 1.75) |
| Functional disability | 1.34 (1.08, 1.66)** | 1.22 (0.89, 1.68) | 1.40 (1.05, 1.87)* |
| Tobacco use | |||
| Never | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Quit | 1.25 (0.86, 1.82) | 1.95 (1.12, 3.39)* | 0.73 (0.27, 1.92) |
| Current | 1.17 (0.87, 1.56) | 1.64 (1.01, 2.69)* | 0.89 (0.51, 1.55) |
| Diabetes | 0.56 (0.31, 1.01) | 0.30 (0.09, 1.02) | 0.78 (0.40, 1.52) |
| Arthritis | 0.93 (0.69, 1.24) | 0.80 (0.47, 1.38) | 0.97 (0.69, 1.38) |
| Asthma | 0.89 (0.52, 1.51) | 0.45 (0.16, 1.29) | 1.26 (0.69, 2.31) |
| Depression symptoms | 0.73 (0.45, 1.16) | 0.69 (0.34, 1.39) | 0.74 (0.40, 1.39) |
CI confidence interval; ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05
aPearson goodness-of-fit test > 0.9 for all models