Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of LTC Study Participants in Yichang China, According to Residence, Before and After Propensity-Score Matching
| Unmatched | Matched | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Home | Nursing Home | Home | Nursing Home | ||||||||
| Mean(%) | SD | Mean(%) | SD | Mean(%) | SD | p value | Mean(%) | SD | Mean(%) | SD | p value | |
| Pain | ||||||||||||
| 0. No pain | 55.03% | 62.64% | 49.00% | 54.60% | 48.56% | |||||||
| 1. Mild/moderate pain | 23.86% | 17.65% | 28.86% | 31.50% | 29.92% | |||||||
| 2. Daily horrible/excruciating pain | 21.10% | 19.81% | 22.14% | 13.91% | 21.52% | |||||||
| Residence | ||||||||||||
| Home | 45.44% | |||||||||||
| Nursing home | 55.56% | |||||||||||
| Age | 77.80 | 7.76 | 77.32 | 7.11 | 78.20 | 8.03 | 0.014 | 79.55 | 7.15 | 78.20 | 8.03 | 0.129 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Female | 61.11% | 72.70% | 60.60% | <.0001 | 62.00% | 60.60% | 0.712 | |||||
| Male | 38.89% | 27.30% | 39.40% | 38.00% | 39.40% | |||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Not married | 5.56% | 2.80% | 7.61% | <.0001 | 10.24% | 7.61% | 0.204 | |||||
| Married with spouse present | 34.72% | 53.58% | 19.42% | 15.75% | 19.42% | |||||||
| Widowed | 59.72% | 43.61% | 72.97% | 74.02% | 72.97% | |||||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| No education | 26.94% | 24.61% | 29.40% | 0.014 | 35.70% | 29.40% | 0.156 | |||||
| Primary | 30.97% | 37.07% | 24.93% | 30.71% | 24.93% | |||||||
| Secondary | 34.86% | 28.87% | 38.06% | 31.15% | 38.06% | |||||||
| High school and above | 7.22% | 4.72% | 7.61% | 7.17% | 7.61% | |||||||
| Primary caregiver | ||||||||||||
| None | 10.40% | 8.72% | 12.07% | <.0001 | 11.82% | 12.07% | 0.15 | |||||
| Spouse | 53.12% | 46.42% | 58.79% | 57.88% | 58.79% | |||||||
| Children | 36.48% | 44.86% | 29.13% | 30.30% | 29.13% | |||||||
| Have insurance | 93.47% | 97.51% | 89.76% | <.0001 | 88.22% | 89.76% | 0.822 | |||||
| Income more than 4000 RMB | 59.95% | 44.58% | 71.20% | < 0.001 | 54.26% | 70.34% | 0.31 | |||||
| Mean of behavior problems (range:0–2) | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.17 | <.0001 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.745 |
| Depression score (range:0–20) | 1.97 | 3.29 | 1.08 | 4.65 | 2.55 | 3.59 | 0.004 | 2.38 | 2.41 | 2.55 | 3.59 | 0.601 |
| Mobility | ||||||||||||
| Independent | 66.11% | 78.51% | 58.79% | <.0001 | 58.81% | 58.79% | 0.81 | |||||
| Walks with assistance | 22.92% | 17.45% | 28.87% | 28.08% | 28.87% | |||||||
| Wheelchair-dependent | 8.33% | 4.05% | 12.34% | 13.12% | 12.34% | |||||||
| Bedbound | 2.64% | |||||||||||
| Toileting | ||||||||||||
| Independent | 79.17% | 80.06% | 78.25% | 0.002 | 79.06% | 78.25% | 0.481 | |||||
| Some supervision | 5.14% | 5.92% | 4.46% | 4.20% | 4.46% | |||||||
| complete supervision | 0.83% | 2.25% | 2.53% | 2.46% | 2.53% | |||||||
| some assistance | 2.92% | 2.80% | 3.15% | 3.20% | 3.15% | |||||||
| complete assistance | 3.19% | 3.43% | 3.63% | 2.73% | 3.63% | |||||||
| Most assistance | 0.83% | 0.62% | 0.79% | 0.62% | 0.79% | |||||||
| Dependent | 7.92% | 1.89% | 6.30% | 6.22% | 6.30% | |||||||
| Dementia diagnose | 10.99% | 9.29% | 12.24% | <.0001 | 9.69% | 10.15% | 0.942 | |||||
| No. of chronic disease (range:0–20) | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.673 | |||||
| Have at least one ulcer | 2.50% | 1.05% | 2.63% | 0.016 | 2.28% | 2.63% | 0.704 | |||||
| Have inpatient in the last 90 days | 16.11% | 22.57% | 13.65% | 0.013 | 15.32% | 13.65% | 0.403 | |||||
| Observations | 720 | 320 | 400 | 242 | 242 | |||||||
SD standard deviation