Table 2.
Type of biomolecule | Used name | Biological Target | Clinical trials status | Remarks and references of IONPs functionalization in research studies |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) | p28 (azurin fragment) | DNA binding domain of p53 | p28 alone in phase I (NCT01975116 and NCT00914914) | No research studies with IONPs |
Small Peptides | Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD) | Integrin receptor αvβ3 | Phase I/II for cancer diagnostic by positron emission tomography (NCT01806675, NCT00565721, NCT01492192, NCT01961583) |
Montet et al. 2006 Xie et al. 2008 Nazli et al. 2012 |
Chlorotoxin (CTX) | Binding affinity for gliomas and neuroectodermal tumors | Phase I for cancer imaging and safety study | Sun et al 2008 | |
(NCT00379132, NCT00733798, NCT00040573) | ||||
Nucant pseudopeptide (N6L) | Binding nucleolin and nucleophosmin | Phase I/IIa, Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Efficacy on Advanced Solid Tumors (NCT01711398) | Latorre et al. 2014 (submitted) Destouches et al. 2011 | |
Antibodies | Trastuzumab | Her2/neu receptor | Accepted by FDA and over the world (Herceptin as commercial formulation for breast cancer) | Hu et al. 2005 |
Aptamers | E10030 | Anti-platelet-derived growth factor (anti PDGF-B) | Phase III for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (in complement with other anti-VEGF drug) NCT01940900 | No research studies with IONPs |
Folic Acid | Folate | Folate receptors | Several clinical studies of folic acid conjugated to anti-cancer drugs (NCT00485563, NCT00485563, NCT00291785, etc.) | Fan et al. 2011 |