Table 1.

Summary of initial patient evaluations (n = 9).

Patient	Mechanism of injury	Time from injury to evaluation	Clinical presentation	Positive physical exam findings	Radiographic findings
1	Twisted on planted foot playing soccer	2 months	Intermittent pain and soreness with activity	Limited ROM with extension, increased translation on Lachman, medial joint tenderness, +McMurray	Mild degenerative changes
2	Playing basketball, no acute event	4 months	Persistent, progressive pain in anteromedial patellar compartment and medial knee, feels apprehension with planting and twisting	Apprehension to full extension, medial joint pain, medial patellar facet pain, +McMurray	Mild medial joint space sclerosis, prior Osgood-Schlatter diagnosis
3	Playing football, valgus pressure on medial aspect of knee while crouched down	14 months	Intermittent knee pain with activity, difficulty with running and climbing stairs	Tenderness to palpation at climbing stairs medial joint space, increased translation with valgus stress, +McMurray	No bony abnormalitiess
4	Collided with a tree while snowboarding	7 years	Persistent pain, recurrent swelling, limping, decreased ROM	Decreased ROM at patello- femoral compartment, decreased ROM with extension, slight increased translation with MCL valgus stress, restricted McMurray	Age appropriate tri- compartmental degenerative changes, and bony ossification at the proximal MCL
5	Playing basketball, slipped and fell in valgus position	2 days	Acute pain, swelling in medial compartment, general knee dysfunction	Localized soft tissue swelling and ecchymosis at medial compartment, increased translation with valgus stress, tenderness over MCL	No bony abnormalities
6	Playing basketball, landed from jump and felt knee instability	4 months	Persistent pain at medial compartment, inability to resume activities	Mild apprehension on patella testing, mild joint space pain, +Lachman, þanterior drawer, +McMurray	No bony abnormalities
7	Snowboarding, hit a rail in mid-air and fell down	1 month	Persistent medial knee pain, discomfort with activity	Hesitancy with full flexion, +bounce test at medial compartment, medial joint space pain, +McMurray	No bony abnormalities
8	Auto collision with direct impact to medial compartment of s left knee	2 years	Intermittent pain, difficulty with ambulation, mild swelling	Medial facet tenderness, apprehension with full flexion, pain at mid and posteromedial joint space,+McMurray	Mild amount of medial joint space narrowing and sclerosis with small osteophytic changes
9	Felt sharp pain while running	1 month	Intermittent pain with activity, increased pain at end of the day	Medial joint line tenderness, fullness along medial aspect, +McMurray	No bony abnormalities

* The McMurray test is a rotational exam that can reveal meniscal tears. The Lachman/anterior drawer test is a clinical exam used to test the stability of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The bounce test evaluates the limitation of knee extension and can possibly reveal meniscal tears. ROM = range of motion; MCL = medial collateral ligament; ACL: anterior cruciate ligament.

Malanga GA, Andrus S, Nadler SF, et al. Physical examination of the knee: a review of the original test description and scientific validity of common orthopedic tests. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84(4):592-603.