Table 4.
Predictive performance of the number of positive markers among the 19 markers
| Marker | Sample type | #Pos/#Cases | Sensitivity (95% CI) | #Neg/#Controls | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 1 of 19 | DRE | 38/38 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 7/49 | 0.14 (0.06, 0.24) | 0.47 (0.45, 0.51) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
| FV | 32/32 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 4/35 | 0.11 (0.03, 0.23) | 0.51 (0.48, 0.54) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| ≥ 2 of 19 | DRE | 38/38 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 15/49 | 0.31 (0.18, 0.43) | 0.53 (0.49, 0.58) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
| FV | 32/32 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 8/35 | 0.23 (0.11, 0.37) | 0.54 (0.51, 0.59) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| ≥ 3 of 19 | DRE | 37/38 | 0.97 (0.92, 1.00) | 18/49 | 0.37 (0.24, 0.51) | 0.54 (0.49, 0.60) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.00) |
| FV | 32/32 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 13/35 | 0.37 (0.23, 0.54) | 0.59 (0.54, 0.67) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| ≥ 4 of 19 | DRE | 36/38 | 0.95 (0.87, 1.00) | 25/49 | 0.51 (0.38, 0.65) | 0.60 (0.54, 0.68) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.00) |
| FV | 31/32 | 0.97 (0.91, 1.00) | 19/35 | 0.54 (0.37, 0.71) | 0.66 (0.58, 0.74) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.00) | |
| ≥ 5 of 19 | DRE | 36/38 | 0.95 (0.87, 1.00) | 30/49 | 0.61 (0.47, 0.76) | 0.65 (0.58, 0.74) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.00) |
| FV | 31/32 | 0.97 (0.91, 1.00) | 23/35 | 0.66 (0.51, 0.80) | 0.72 (0.64, 0.82) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.00) | |
| ≥ 6 of 19 | DRE | 34/38 | 0.89 (0.79, 0.97) | 35/49 | 0.71 (0.59, 0.86) | 0.71 (0.62, 0.82) | 0.90 (0.81, 0.97) |
| FV | 30/32 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.00) | 25/35 | 0.71 (0.57, 0.86) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.86) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.00) | |
| ≥ 7 of 19 | DRE | 32/38 | 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) | 38/49 | 0.78 (0.65, 0.90) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.87) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) |
| FV | 26/32 | 0.81 (0.69, 0.94) | 27/35 | 0.77 (0.63, 0.91) | 0.76 (0.66, 0.89) | 0.82 (0.71, 0.93) | |
| ≥ 8 of 19 | DRE | 30/38 | 0.79 (0.66, 0.92) | 43/49 | 0.88 (0.78, 0.96) | 0.83 (0.73, 0.94) | 0.84 (0.76, 0.93) |
| FV | 21/32 | 0.66 (0.50, 0.81) | 30/35 | 0.86 (0.74, 0.97) | 0.81 (0.68, 0.95) | 0.73 (0.64, 0.84) | |
| ≥ 9 of 19 | DRE | 28/38 | 0.74 (0.61, 0.87) | 44/49 | 0.90 (0.82, 0.98) | 0.85 (0.74, 0.97) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.90) |
| FV | 19/32 | 0.59 (0.44, 0.75) | 32/35 | 0.91 (0.83, 1.00) | 0.86 (0.74, 1.00) | 0.71 (0.63, 0.81) | |
| ≥ 10 of 19 | DRE | 27/38 | 0.71 (0.58, 0.84) | 46/49 | 0.94 (0.86, 1.00) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.00) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.89) |
| FV | 16/32 | 0.50 (0.34, 0.66) | 33/35 | 0.94 (0.86, 1.00) | 0.89 (0.75, 1.00) | 0.67 (0.61, 0.76) | |
| ≥ 11 of 19 | DRE | 22/38 | 0.58 (0.43, 0.74) | 47/49 | 0.96 (0.90, 1.00) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.00) | 0.75 (0.69, 0.83) |
| FV | 12/32 | 0.38 (0.22, 0.53) | 33/35 | 0.94 (0.86, 1.00) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.00) | 0.62 (0.57, 0.69) | |
| ≥ 12 of 19 | DRE | 13/38 | 0.34 (0.21, 0.50) | 49/49 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.66 (0.62, 0.72) |
| FV | 9/32 | 0.28 (0.16, 0.44) | 33/35 | 0.94 (0.86, 1.00) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.00) | 0.59 (0.54, 0.65) | |
| ≥ 13 of 19 | DRE | 11/38 | 0.29 (0.17, 0.45) | 49/49 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.64 (0.61, 0.70) |
| FV | 7/32 | 0.22 (0.09, 0.38) | 35/35 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.58 (0.55, 0.64) | |
| ≥ 14 of 19 | DRE | 9/38 | 0.24 (0.13, 0.37) | 49/49 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.63 (0.60, 0.67) |
| FV | 5/32 | 0.16 (0.06, 0.28) | 35/35 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.56 (0.54, 0.60) | |
| ≥ 15 of 19 | DRE | 7/38 | 0.18 (0.08, 0.32) | 49/49 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.61 (0.58, 0.65) |
| FV | 3/32 | 0.09 (0.03, 0.22) | 35/35 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.55 (0.53, 0.58) |
The calculated sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) associated with n of 19 positive markers for DRE and FV urine samples. The column #Pos/#Cases shows the number of positive cases and the total number of cases. The column #Neg/#Controls shows the number of negative controls and the total number of controls. The numbers in the parentheses show the 95% confidence interval